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Easter Semester


January

1


Huldrych Zwingli's birth; Wildhaus, 1484.

Paul Revere's birth; Boston, 1735.

William Henry Stiles's birth; Savannah, 1808.

Paul Hamilton Hayne's birth; Charleston, 1830.

James Ryder Randall's birth; Baltimore, 1839.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey ordains Charles Todd Quintard as deacon; 1855.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Confederate forces occupy Round Forest at Battle of Murfreesboro; 1862.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk returns from Enterprise to Meridian headquarters; 1864.

Barry Morris Goldwater's birth; Phoenix, 1909.

Civil War Courier reports on The University of the South's repugnant name change & shameful "broken" Mace scandals; Morristown, 2006.

2

Jacopo da Pontormo's burial; Florence, 1557.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Confederate forces retake & defend Round Forest position; Murfreesboro, 1863.

Overwhelming Yankee numbers & reinforcements compel Confederate withdrawal from Murfreesboro, 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Confederate forces march toward Shelbyville; 1863.

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien's birth; Bloemfontein, 1892.

Lawrence Sullivan Ross dies; College Station, 1898.

Robert Lewis Dabney dies; Victoria, 1898.

Erich Hermann Wilhelm Vögelin's birth; Cologne, 1901.

Sewanee School of Theology's Catalog 2012-2013 imposes "standard of written & spoken language used when referring to contemporary humanity shall be gender inclusive & shall avoid perpetuation of derogatory religious, racial, and national stereotypes & should include full range of biblical imagery when referring to God, if appropriate, in consultation with assistant dean for community life"; Sewanee, 2012.

4

Isaac Newton's birth; Woolsthorpe,1673.

William Crosby Dawson's birth; Greensboro, 1798.

David Lowry Swain's birth; Beaverdam, 1801

William Cowper Brann's birth; Coles County, 1855.

Thomas Stearns Eliot dies; London, 1965.

5

Saint Edward the Confessor dies; London, 1066.

Stephen Decatur's birth; Sinepuxnet, 1779.

William Preston Johnston's birth; Louisville, 1831.

President John Calvin Coolidge dies; Northhampton, 1933.


6

Jean-Henri Riesener dies; Paris, 1806.

Gregor Johann Mendel dies; Brünn, 1844.

Charles Jones Jenkins's birth; Beaufort, 1805.

State of Tennessee passes An Act to Establish The University of the South; Nashville, 1858.

John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton's birth; Naples, 1834.

Lucius Junius Polk, Lucius Eugene Polk, Charles K. Marshall, John Smith Preston & other Leading patriotic gentlemen from Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas & Virginia open Southern Commercial Convention in New Orleans; 1855.

Citadel Cadets openly fire artillery on Star of the West; Morris Island, 1861.

Presiding Bishop of the Confederacy & Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott engraves Christian sword of war to Bishop-General Leonidas Polk & further writes "we have representatives on almost every battlefield"; 1863.

Bishop John Henry Hopkins of Vermont dies; Burlington, 1868.

King Victor Emmanuel II dies; Rome, 1878.

Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve dies; Charlottesville, 1924.

William Yandell Elliott dies; Haywood, 1979.

 10

Carolus Linnaeus dies; Uppsala, 1778.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk sends artillerists to Major-General Dabney Herndon Maury in Mobile for defense against General Farragut's threatened attack; Meridian, 1864.

Howard Chandler Christy's birth; Meigs Creek, 1873.

Robinson Jeffers's birth; Allegheny, 1887.

11

Franciscus Gomarus dies; Gronigen, 1641.

William James's birth; New York City, 1842.

Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott ordains Reverend John Freeman Young into deaconate in Saint John's Episcopal Church; Tallahassee, 1846.

Sovereign State of Alabama reclaims Independence upon seceding from Federal Union; Montgomery, 1861.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk divides department cavalry into southern portion commanded Major-General Stephen Dill Lee & northern by Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest; Meridian, 1864. 

Dabney Herndon Maury dies; Peoria, 1900.



12

Edmund Burke's birth; Dublin, 1729.

Jones Mitchell Withers's birth; Madison County, 1814.

Thomas Hardeman, Jr.'s birth; Eatonton, 1825.

James Ronald Chalmers's birth; Halifax County, 1831.

John Singer Sargent's birth; Florence, 1856.

Major-General William Techumseh Sherman proposes force of 20,000 Yankees for strike against Meridian & Selma to Major-General Uslysses S. Grant; Memphis, 1864.


13

Edmund Spenser dies; London, 1599.

Stephen Collins Foster dies; New York City, 1864.

Maybelle Stephen Mitchell's birth; 1872.

Major Richard Furman Lawton dies; 1892.

Sewanee Theological Seminary Alumnus & former University of the South Trustee Reverend Foley Beach announces upcoming departure from Episcopal Church as "the right thing to do & not to do it would be sin before God"; Gwinnett County, 2004.


Emory University Trustees resolve regrets for slavery & their delay in acknowledging harmful legacy; Decatur, 2011.

14

Domenico Ghirlandaio dies; Florence, 1494.

Matthew Fontaine Maury's birth; Spotsylvania County, 1806.

Colonel William Polk dies; Raleigh, 1834.

Lucinda E. Hardage's birth; Cobb County, 1848.

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres dies; Paris, 1867.

15

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin receives baptism into Christian faith; Paris, 1622.

Leading Alabama gentlemen write to Confederate Secretary of War James A. Seddon with concerns of vulnerability to Yankee raid of Confederate coal, iron & cotton cloth producers; Montgomery, 1864.

Edgar Legare Pennington's birth; Madison, 1891.

James Ryder Randall dies; Augusta, 1908.

16

Edward Gibbon dies; London, 1794.

John Cabell Breckinridge's birth; Cabell's Dale, 1821.

First Convention of Protestant Episcopal Church in Diocese of Louisiana places Diocese under charge & authority of Right Reverend Leonidas Polk, Missionary Bishop of Arkansas; New Orleans, 1839.

17

Pedro Calderón de la Barca's birth; Madrid, 1600.

Benjamin Franklin's birth; Boston, 1706.

18

Jan Anthoniszoon van Riebeeck dies; Batavia, 1677.   

Patriotic South Carolina Senator Robert Young Hayne commences demolishing anti-American arguments of duplicitous Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster in debate; Washington, 1830.

William Whann Mackall's birth; Georgetown, 1817.

Joseph Rudyard Kipling dies; London, 1936.

19

William Congreve dies; London, 1729.

John Merideth Bass's birth; Nashville, 1804.

Robert Edward Lee's birth; Startford Hall, 1807.

Edgar Allan Poe's birth; Boston, 1809.

Hiram Parks Bell's birth; Jefferson, 1827.

Alabama legislature incorporates Irwinton in Pike County; Tuscaloosa, 1832.

Charles Haddon Spurgeon's birth; Klevedon, 1834.

Alabama Bishop Nicholas Hamner Cobb visits Episcopalians in Eufaula; 1860.

Brigadier-General Felix Kirk Zollicoffer dies in battle of Mill Springs; 1862.

Robert E. Lee Chapter of United Daughters of the Confederacy unveils Spirit of the Confederacy monument in honor of General Lee's birthday; Houston, 1908.

Erich Hermann Wilhelm Vögelin dies; Stanford, 1985.

20

Right Reverend Leonidas Polk presides over his first Convention as Bishop of the Diocese of Louisiana; New Orleans, 1842.

Jesse Ball duPont's birth; Northern Neck, 1884.

Franke Lawrence Owsley's birth; Montgomery County, 1890.

John Ruskin dies; Brantwood, 1900.

Robinson Jeffers dies; Tor House, 1962.

21

Jean-François Oeben dies; Paris, 1763.

James Glover Baldwin's birth; Friendly Grove Factory, 1815. 

Thomas Jonathan Jackson's birth; Clarksburg, 1824.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey admits Doctor Charles Todd Quintard into Order of Deacons in Calvary Church; Memphis, 1855.

Senator Jefferson Davis withdraws from United States Senate; Washington, 1861.

Frederick Theodore Albert Delius's birth; Bradford, 1862.

Eliza Frances Andrews dies; Rome, 1931.

Ulrich Bonnell Phillips dies; New Haven, 1934.

Frank Lyon Polk unveils Reverend Leonidas Polk memorial plaque in Monumental Church; Richmond, 1940.

William Alexander Percy dies; 1942.

George Orwell dies; London, 1950.

Claude Gernade Bowers dies; New York City, 1958.

Avery Odelle Craven dies; Chesterton, 1980.

Alert students on one of Sewanee's saddest days observe suspicious absence of our Mace during Easter Semester Opening Convocation procession into All Saints' Chapel; Sewanee, 1997.

Sewanee School of Theology's Committee for Diversity & Reconciliation reads Martin Luther King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail" in All Saints' Chapel; Sewanee, 2013.

22

George Gordon Byron's birth; London, 1788.

Richard Upjohn's birth; Shaftesbury, 1802.

Joseph Meriwether's birth; 1823.

British Commanders Lieutenants John Chard & Gonville Bromhead lead 139 troops in victory over Dabulamanzi kaMapande's 4500 attacking Zulus at historic Defence of Rorke's Drift; Natal, 1879.

Queen Alexandrina Victoria dies; Osborne, 1901.

23

Gianantonio Guardi dies; Venice, 1760.

Paul-Gustave Doré dies; Paris, 1883.

Charles Kingsley dies; Eversley, 1875.

Lucius Quintus Cinncinatus Lamar dies; Vineville, 1893.

Diocese of Louisiana resolves appreciation to William Dudley Gale III for giving Leonidas Polk Memorial Carillon to All Saints' Chapel; 1957.

24

John Vanbrugh's birth; London, 1664.

William Congreve's birth; Bardsey, 1670.

Elder Jean Berain dies; Paris, 1711.

Frederick II's birth; Berlin, 1712.

Governor John Peter Richardson II dies; Fulton, 1864.

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill dies; London, 1965.

Sewanee reluctantly receives groundbreaking Manifesto of Justice for Louise Claiborne-Armstrong from New Orleans; 2006.

25


Robert Burns's birth; Alloway, 1759.

Benjamin Morgan Palmer's birth; Charleston, 1818.

Alexander James Beresford-Hope's birth; London, 1820.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk reports to Charles E. Barney of fundraising success in Alabama for The University of the South; Montgomery, 1860.

Maybelle Stephen Mitchell dies; Atlanta, 1919.

Louisiana Bishop Girault Jones claims Sanctuary of planned completion of All Saints' Chapel as memorial to Bishop Leonidas Polk; 1956.

26

John McIntosh Kell's birth; 1823.

Franzisca Bernadina Wilhelmina Elisabeth Ney's birth; Münster, 1833.

Louisiana reclaims full state sovereignty upon seceding from the Federal Union; 1861.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk is Senior Bishop of seceded southern states through February 4; New Orleans, 1861.

Right Reverend Mark Joseph Lawrence's consecration as Bishop of Diocese of South Carolina; Charleston, 2008.

Episcopal Diocese in South Carolina elects Sewanee Trustees to replace Sewanee Trustees elected by Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina; Charleston, 2013.

27

Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's birth; Salzburg, 1756.

State of Georgia charters Seat of Learning; Savannah, 1785.

James Hervey Otey's birth; Bedford County, 1800.

Johann Gottlieb Fichte dies; Berlin, 1814.

Richard Taylor's birth; Louisville, 1826.

Esteemed South Carolina Senator Robert Young Hayne concludes demolishing absurd & fictional arguments of Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster in debate; Washington, 1830.

John James Audubon dies; New York City, 1851.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk prays for "Governor of this State" instead of "President of the United States" at Trinity Episcopal Church; New Orleans, 1861.


Preston Smith Brooks dies; Washington, 1857.


Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi dies; Milan, 1901.

Henry Tazewell Thompson dies; 1932.

28

Henry Tudor's birth, Pembroke Castle, 1457.

King Henry VIII dies; London, 1547.

Sir Francis Drake dies at sea; Puerto Bello, 1596.

Condy Raguet's birth; Philadelphia, 1784.

Mary Telfair's birth; Augusta, 1791.

Confederate War Department redesignates Department of Southwest as Department of Alabama, Mississippi & East Louisiana; Richmond, 1864.

William Butler Yeats dies; Menton, 1939.

29

Thomas Paine's birth; Thetford, 1737.

Robert Lee Frost dies; Boston, 1963.

30

Franciscus Gomarus's birth; Bruges, 1563.

Carlo Maderno dies; Rome, 1629.

King Charles I receives incorruptible martyrdom upon beheading; Whitehall, 1649.

Walter Savage Landor's birth; Warwick, 1775.

John Henry Hopkins's birth; Dublin, 1792.

Daniel Ruggles's birth; Barre, 1810.

James Dunwoody Brownson DeBow, Colonel Walter Gwynn & other leading patriotic gentlemen from Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia & Washington open Southern Commercial Convention & soon resolve "Southern men should patronize Southern literary institutions, use books published at South & preference should be given to watering places on Southern soil"; Richmond, 1856.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk withdraws his Diocese from Protestant Episcopal Church in United States & recovers Independent Diocesan existence; New Orleans, 1861.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk rejoins his corps after family leave in Asheville; Shelbyville, 1863.

Colonel William Dudley Gale dies; Nashville, 1888.

Colonel Vincent David Walsh dies; 1899.


31

Daniel Ruggles's birth; 1810.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives alert from Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest at Como of large Yankee force preparing move from Vicksburg upon Jackson, Mobile & Meridian; Meridian, 1864.

Charles Haddon Spurgeon dies; Merton, 1892.

George Washington Cable dies; Saint Petersburg, 1925.






February

1

Richard Whately's birth; London, 1787.

Commodore Matthew Fontaine Maury dies; Lexington, 1873.

Southern Partisan Magazine reports investigative expose into The University of the South's repugnant name change & shameful "broken" Mace scandals; Columbia, 2005.

2

Baldassare Castiglione dies; Toledo, 1529.

Albert Sidney Johnston's birth; Washington, 1803.

Lorenzo Dow dies; Georgetown, 1834.

Alabama Governor John Winston signs Charter of Tuskegee Female College, 1854.

3

Johann Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg dies; Mainz, 1468.

Joseph Eggleston Johnston's birth; Farmville, 1807.

Sidney Lanier's birth; Macon, 1842.

Albert Taylor Bledsoe writes to Bishop-General Leonidas Polk "we feel as if we could not spare you;" Richmond, 1861.

Confederate Congress approves joint resolution commending Army of Tennessee soldiers "voluntarily tendered their services to country during war, with heroic determination never abandoning field till last vandal invader drive from our soil & our freedom won"; Richmond, 1864.

Sir Henry James Sumner Main dies; Cannes, 1888.

Samuel Wragg Ferguson dies; 1917.



4

 Tadeusz Andrzej Bonawentura Kosciuszko's birth; Mereczowszczyzna, 1746.

Sir William Blackstone dies; Wallingford, 1780.

First Confederate Congress of delegates convenes; Montgomery, 1861.

Bishop Leonidas Polk of Louisiana is Confederacy's Senior Bishop, through April 17; New Orleans, 1861.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes to Confederate President Jefferson Davis recommending General Joseph Eggleston Johnston for command of Army of Tennessee; Shelbyville, 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk departs Meridian for Mobile; 1864.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk places Major-General William Loring in command of Department's western front; Mobile, 1864. 

Charles Augustus Lindbergh's birth; Detroit, 1902.

Abbeville Institute Scholars examine States Nullification, Secession & Human Scale of Political Order; Charleston, 2010.

5

Abram Joseph Ryan's birth; Hagerstown, 1838.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk departs Mobile for Meridian; 1864.

Yankee forces invading from Vicksburg enter Jackson; 1864.

Thomas Carlyle dies; London, 1881.

Thomas M. Hanckel dies; 1888.

Memphis City Council changes names of Confederate Park, Jefferson Davis Park & Nathan Bedford Forrest Park; 2013.

6

King Charles II dies; London, 1685.

Piet Retief dies; kwaMatiwane, 1838.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey writes Bishop-General Leonidas Polk offer to be "the messenger of your love to your people"; 1861.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk creates Northern Military District of Alabama & assigns Major-General Jones Mitchell Withers commanding; Meridian, 1864.

Henry Clay Dean dies; Rebel's Cove, 1887.


7

Thomas More's birth; London, 1478.

Charles Dickens's birth; Portsmouth, 1812.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk sends wife & family to Asheville; 1864.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk requests aid for Mobile defense from General Beauregard in Charleston; Meridian, 1864.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk orders Major-General Dabney Herndon Maury deal with Jones County deserter banditti "in most summary manner"; Meridian, 1864.

8

Théodore-Agrippa d Aubigné's birth; Pons, 1552.

  Samuel Butler's baptism into Christian faith; Strensham, 1612.

King William III & Queen Mary II sign Royal Charter for "perpetual College of Divinity, Philosophy, Languages & other good Arts & Science" for Virginia Colony; Westminster, 1693.

Peter the Great dies; Saint Petersburg, 1725.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey, Chancellor of The University of the South, convenes Board of Trustees; New Orleans, 1860.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk, Chairman of Committee to prepare Constitution & Code of Statutes for The University of the South, reports to Board of Trustees; New Orleans, 1860.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk orders Brigadier-General Francis Asbury Shoup command Confederate troops at Enterprise as brigade & move to Morton & then Mobile with batteries; Meridian, 1864.

John Enoch Powell dies; London, 1998.

Rousas John Rushdoony dies; Vallecito, 2001.

9

Montgomery hosts William Yancey's Southern Rights Convention; 1851.

Nellie Peters Blacks's birth; 1851.

Eufaula Rifles musters into service; Eufaula, 1861.

Armed Yankee government agents occupy Saint Paul's Episcopal Church during Holy Services & arrest Reverend Kensey Johns Stewart at altar under pretense of treason; Alexandria, 1862. 

Confederate President Jefferson Davis writes soldiers in Armies "assured success awaits us in our holy struggle for liberty & independence &  preservation of all that renders life desirable to honorable men"; Richmond, 1864.

Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest correctly ascertains Yankee's "real move in direction of Okolona & Meridian"; Oxford, 1864. 



General Robert Edward Lee issues first General Order as Commander-in-Chief of Confederate Armies; 1865.

Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevsky dies; Saint Petersburg, 1881.

General George Earl Maney dies; Washington, 1901.

Allen Tate dies; Nashville, 1979.



11

Doctor Andrew Adgate Lipscomb opens doors to Tuskgee Female College; 1856.

Caroline Lee Hentz dies; Marianna, 1856.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk correctly suspects Yankee General William Tecumseh Sherman's movement on Meridian & hoped for junction with cavalry column moving down Mobile & Ohio Railroad; Newton, 1864.

General Joseph Wheeler's Confederate cavalry defeats & routs Sherman's Federal cavalry at Aiken & saves Augusta from burning & Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's grave in Paul's Episcopal Church from desecration; 1865.

12

James M. Calhoun's birth at Calhoun Settlement; Abbeville District, 1811.

Friedrich Schleiermacher dies; Berlin, 1834.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes Major-General William Wing Loring "my intention is fall back on Tombigbee at Demopolis"; 1864.

Commemoration Day of Professor John Barber Dicks's rescuing Sword Over the Gown from further shameful decay in Saint Luke's Seminary basement by fortunate display in Convocation Hall; Sewanee, 1963.

Atlanta ladies organize John Habersham Chapter of National Society Daugthers of the American Revolution; Executive Mansion, 1900.

Louise Claiborne-Armstrong dies; Apopka,1976.

Attributed date of Administration's removing preserved first issue Polk's Corps flag from public view in Jesse Ball duPont Library; Sewanee, 2010.

13

Bevenenuto Cellini dies; Florence, 1571.

Giovanni Battista Piazzetta's birth; Venice, 1682.

Virginia Secession Convention convenes; Richmond, 1861.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes General Joseph Eggleston Johnston "General Forrest reports twelve regiment column move on Columbus for junction with Sherman"; Meridian, 1864.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk assigns Major-General John Horace Forney command of Demopolis; Meridian, 1864.

Major Charles Ranisford Fairbanks's election as Commissioner of Buildings & Lands of The University of the South; Sewanee, 1867.

Richard Wagner dies; Venice, 1883.

Mississippi Bishop William Mercer Green dies; Sewanee, 1887.

John Randolph Tucker dies; Lexington, 1897.

William Bradford Shockley, Jr.'s birth; London, 1910.

Allies commence massive bombing raids on defenseless German women & children civilians in Dresden; 1945.

Atlanta Journal-Constitution reports on The University of the South's repugnant name change & shameful "broken" Mace scandals; 2005.

14

Leon Battista Alberti's birth; Genoa, 1404.

Missionary Bishop of Arkansas Leonidas Polk accepts oversight of Diocese of Louisiana; Columbia, 1839.

Conrad Wise Chapman's birth; Washington, 1842.

Muscoe Hunter Russell Garnett dies; Elmwood, 1864.

Augustus Octavius Bacon dies; 1914.

Joseph Neel Reid dies; Mimosa Hall, 1926.

Pelham Grenville Wodehouse dies; Southhampton, 1975.

15



Philipp Melanchthon's birth; Bretten, 1497.

Martin Bucer dies; Cambridge, 1551.

Galileo Galilei's birth; Pisa, 1564.

Christopher Gadsden dies; Charleston, 1805.

Thomas Jefferson writes James Breckenridge regarding dire consequences of geographic "line of division lately marked out" & dangers of Northern education to our youth & existence; Monticello, 1821.

Tennessee Bishop Charles Todd Quintard dies; Darien, 1898.

16

Christopher Gadsden's birth; Charleston, 1723.

Sarah Anne Ellis Dorsey's birth; Natchez, 1829.

Camille Armand Jules Marie's birth; Millemont Seine-et-Oise, 1832.

Henry Adams's birth; Boston, 1838.

17

Giordano Bruno dies; Rome, 1600.

Molière dies; Paris, 1673.

James MacPherson dies; Belville, 1796.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk establishes Headquarters at Demopolis; 1864.

Confederate sumbariners use H. L. Hunley to sink U.S. Housatonic; Charleston Harbor, 1864.

United States Army troops fighting for Abraham Lincoln hatefully burn Washington Street Church; Columbia, 1865.

Lewis Neale Whittle dies; 1886.

Baron Theophil Edvard von Hansen dies; Vienna, 1891.

18

Fra Angelico dies; Rome, 1455.

Martin Luther dies; Eisleben, 1546.

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni dies; Rome, 1564.

General Thomas Fenwick Drayton dies; Florence, 1891.

Katherine Polk Gale dies; Nashville, 1916.

19

Joanna Troutman's birth; Crawford County, 1818.

Honorable John Smith Preston, Sewanee's Cornerstone Prophet & Commissioner from South Carolina, explains to Virginia Secession Convention moral rightness & necessity of immediate action; Richmond, 1861.


20

Louisana Bishop Leonidas Polk instructs his clergy to change public services of Church to include Prayer for "the President of the Confederate States"; New Orleans,1861.

Susan Dowdell Myrick's birth; Baldwin County, 1893.

Sarah A. Dorsey sends Bishop-General Leonidas Polk banner designed from Constantine's Christian Labarum & writes of "holiness of our cause- even in this dark hour defeat is word banished from thoughts & language- never defeated- annihilated- never conquered- there will live defiance & resistance"; 1862.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk commands Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest to crush Yankee cavalry column heading for junction with General Sherman at Meridian; Demopolis, 1864.

Confederate victory at Olustee; 1864.

Chalcedon Presbyterian Church withdraws from Presbyterian Church in America & constitutes upon Westminster Confession of Faith & requires strict subscription to Larger & Shorter Catechisms; Cumming, 1983. 

21

Pope Julius II dies; Rome, 1513.

John Henry Newman's birth; London, 1801.

Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest's Confederate cavalry routs outnumbering Yankee cavalry & begins prevention of General William Techumseh Sherman's planned campaign against Selma; Ellis Bridge, 1864.

Jean-André Rixens dies; Paris, 1925.

22

George Washington's birth; Pope's Creek; 1732.

Rembrandt Peale's birth; Bucks County, 1778.

Charles Wilson Peale dies; Philadelphia, 1827.

Jefferson Davis's election & inauguration as President of Confederate States of America; Richmond; 1861.

Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest's Confederate cavalry routs Yankee cavalry & forces retreat back to Memphis & ends General William Tecumseh Sherman's planned campaign against Selma; 1864.

Embattled Emory University President James J. Wagner tells Southern Christian Leadership Conference "I personally have a long way to go"; Decatur, 2013.

23

George Frideric Handel's birth; Halle, 1685.

William Chambers's birth; Gothenburg, 1723.

Sir Joshua Reynolds dies; London, 1792.

Jeremy Francis Gilmer's birth: Guilford County, 1818.

John Keats dies; Rome, 1821.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes to Federal Colonel Napoleon Bonaparte Buford that South "is profoundly impressed with conviction that very existence in all that makes life desirable is involved in dissolution of connexion with Northern states- is sentiment of Southern people, my sentiment, my profound conviction- interest & happiness of Southern States found in total & final separation- my position carefully taken & will be firmly maintained to end- determination of Southern people to free themselves from connexion with North firm & unflinching"; Columbus, 1862.

Mary Amarinthia Yates Snowden dies; Charleston, 1898.

William Butterfield's dies; London, 1900.

Abbeville Institute Scholars examine War Between the States; Stone Mountain, 2012.


24

Don Juan de Austria's birth; Ratisbon, 1545.

Commanding Lieutenant Colonel William Barret Travis writes to People of Texas & all Americans in the World "I shall never surrender or retreat... Victory or Death"; The Alamo, 1836. 

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk assists Bishops of Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas & Texas in consecrating Right Reverend  William Mercer Green; Jackson, 1850.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk as Senior Bishop & Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott issue Address of the Commissioners for Raising the Endowment of The University of the South; New Orleans, 1859.

Jules Joseph Lefebvre dies; Paris, 1911.

Christian Science Monitor reports on The University of the South's repugnant name change scandal; Boston, 2005.

Abbeville Institute Scholars examine The South & America's Wars; Wilmington, 2011.

Old Saint Andrew's Parish aligns with Bishop Mark Lawrence's Diocese of South Carolina; Charleston, 2013.

25

Samuel Butler dies; London, 1680.

Sir Christopher Wren dies; London, 1723.

George Alfred Trenholm's birth; Charleston, 1807.

Thomas Moore dies; Wiltshire, 1852.

Colonel William Dudley Gale reports to wife General William Teschumseh Sherman's retreat from Meridian "baffled & whipped" by "brave little army"; 1864.

26

Christopher Marlowe's birth; Canterbury, 1564.

Victor-Marie Hugo's birth; Besançon, 1802.

Joseph de Maistre dies; Turin, 1821.

Thomas Edward King's birth; Liberty County, 1829.

Dean William Ralph Inge dies; Wallingford, 1954.

Richmond Alexander Lattimore dies; 1984.

27

Flavius Valerius Constantinus's birth; Naissus, circa 272.

Edward Alfred Pollard's birth; Nelson County, 1831.

Martha McChesney Berry dies; Atlanta, 1942.

William Frank Buckley, Jr., dies; Stamford, 2008.

28

André-Charles Boulle dies; Paris, 1732.

Mathew Duncan Ector's birth; Putnam County, 1822.

Richard Hurrell Froude dies; Dartington, 1836.

Abel Parker Upshur dies; Potomac River, 1844.

Eugenia Dorothy Blount Lamar's birth; 1867.

Henry James dies; London, 1916.

United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms raid Branch Davidians & commences fifty-one day siege; Waco, 1993.

Vanderbilt Hustler reports on The University of the South's repugnant name change scandal; Nashville, 2005.

29

Joseph Addison Turner dies; Eatonton, 1868.






March

Sewanee Revivers' History Month

Celebrating Sewanee's miracles by honoring the enriching contributions Quintard, Fairbanks & Green


date pending- Sewanee Legacy first reports "broken" Mace missing from The University of the South's Easter Semester Opening Convocation; Sewanee, 1997.

1

George Herbert dies; Bemerton, 1633.

Augustus Saint-Gaudens's birth; Dublin, 1848.

Sewanee Theological Review publishes retired Vice-Chancellor Samuel R. Williamson, Jr.'s apology for slaveholding ancestor & admission that "I regard my efforts during my administrative career in academia as an attempt to make right some of the problems created by slavery & their actions"; Sewanee, 2010.

Boy Scouts of America announces "listening process provides a channel where every voice can be heard"; Irving, 2013. 

2

John Wesley dies; London, 1791.

Samuel Houston's birth; Rockbridge County, 1793.

Thomas Kennerly Wolfe's birth; Richmond, 1931.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk evacuates Confederacy's Gibraltar at Columbus; 1862.


3

Nicola Antonio Giacinto Porpora dies; Naples, 1768.

Robert Adam's dies; London, 1792.

Richard Malcolm Weaver, Jr.'s birth; Asheville, 1910.

Edmund Kirby-Smith resigns from U.S. Army; 1861.

General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard assigns Bishop-General Leonidas Polk command of First Grand Division of Army of the Mississippi with orders to Humboldt; 1862. 

Melvin E. Bradford dies; Midland, 1993.

5

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo's birth, Venice, 1696.

Thomas Augustine Arne dies; London, 1778.

Robert Lewis Dabney's birth; Louisa County, 1820.

Robert Mills dies; Washington, 1855.

Kenneth Rayner dies; Washington, 1884.

Hippolyte-Adolphe Taine dies; Paris, 1893.

Beautiful, talented, accomplished & promising young University of North Carolina Student President Eve Carson dies after begging kidnappers to pray with her & receiving shotgun blast to face; Chapel Hill, 2008.

4

James Hamilton Couper's birth; 1794.

Joseph Addison Turner publishes first Countryman; Turnwold, 1862.

Jesse Ely Wills dies; Nashville, 1977.

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi's birth; Venice, 1678.

6

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni's birth; Caprese, 1475.

Sarah Sophia Hawkins Polk's birth; 1784.

President James Monroe signs Missouri Compromise; 1820.

Robert Sands Schyuler's birth; New York City, 1830.

John Cochran's birth; Greenville, 1813.

Commander William Barret Travis, Tennessee Congressman Davey Crockett, David Bowie & outnumbered Texan heroes die by massacre while defending The Alamo from Mexicans; 1836.

Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney issues Dred Scott decision; Washington, 1857.

Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott assists Virginia Bishops Meade & Johns in consecrating Right Reverend Richard Hooker Wilmer as first Confederate Bishop of Alabama; Richmond, 1862.

Colonel Thomas Hardeman, Jr., dies; Macon, 1891.

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., dies; Washington, 1935.

President Ronald Wilson Reagan awards posthumous Medal of Freedom to Whittaker Chambers in White House; Washington, 1984.

7

Saint Thomas Aquinas dies; Roccasecca, 1274.

James Breckenridge's birth; Fincastle, 1763.

Henry DeLamar Clayton's birth; Pulaski County, 1827.

General Edmund Kirby-Smith commands entire Confederate Trans-Mississippi Department; 1863.

Mount Olivet Episcopal Church installs Sewanee alumnus Fayette Clay Ewing's world's rarest memorial window to Bishop-General Leonidas Polk; Pineville, 1948.

Provisional Bishop Charles G. vonRosenberg of Episcopal Diocese in South Carolina sues Bishop Mark J. Lawrence of Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina for immediate Injunction in Federal Court; Charleston, 2013.

Abbeville Institute Scholars examine Music & the Southern Tradition; Charlottesville, 2013.

8

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach's birth; Weimar, 1714.

Sir William Chambers dies; London, 1796.

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.'s birth; Boston, 1841.

Kenneth Grahame's birth; Edinburgh, 1859.

Colonel William Henry Stephens dies; San Gabriel, 1887.

Walter Prescott Webb dies; Austin, 1963.

Georgia Civil War Commission's Educational Symposium at T.R.R. Cobb House examines proud legacy of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk & Sewanee's ugly ingratitude to his name; Athens, 2013.

9

James Lawrence Pugh dies; Washington, 1907.

James Wood Davidson's birth; Newberry County, 1829.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Aide-de-Camp W. B. Richmond writes of remarkable differences in sentiment & conduct of enemy troops & Indiana-Illinois "cordial haters of the abolitionist as warmest fire eater" & Michigan-Wisconsin "descendants of genuine Puritan... literally Yankees"; Shelbyville, 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes wife "defeat & rout" of General William Tecumseh Sherman's advancing army "the Lord's doings & marvelous in our sight"; Demopolis, 1864.

10

John Barber Dicks, Jr.'s birth; Natchez, 1926.

11

Benjamin West dies; London, 1820.

Governor George McDuffie dies; Cherry Hill, 1851.

Confederate Congress approves Constitution; Montgomery, 1861.

12

Thomas Augustine Arne's birth; London, 1710.

Kensey Johns Stewart's birth; 1817.

Judge John Archibald Campbell dies; Baltimore, 1889.


13

General Jones Mitchell Withers dies; Mobile, 1890.

Eugenia Dorothy Blount Lamar dies; 1955.

14

John Holmes's birth; Kingston, 1773.

Thomas Hart Benton's birth; Harts Hill, 1782.

Victor Emmanuel II's birth; Turin, 1820.

Jules Joseph Lefebvre's birth; Tournan, 1836.

Telfair Hodgson's birth; Columbia, 1840.

Virginia Bishop William Meade dies; Richmond, 1862.

John Merideth Bass dies; Nashville, 1878.

Frederick Turner Jackson dies; San Marino, 1932.

Medora Cheatham Hodgson dies; 1969.

Physicists of European Organization for Nuclear Research announce presumed discovery of Higgs boson subatomic particle; Geneva, 2013.

15

Gaius Julius Caesar dies by assassination; Rome, 44 B.C.

Richard Hooker Wilmer's birth; Alexandria, 1816.

Eli Sims Shorter's birth; Monticello, 1823.

Mary J. Wing Morris dies; 1953.

The University of the South's Vice-Chancellor Edward McCrady makes grand address celebrating "duty, dignity, manliness & courage" of our four West Point trained Confederate generals (Polk, Shoup, Gorgas & Kirby-Smith) at General Kirby-Smith Confederate monument; Sewanee,1952.

Professor Reverend George Boggan Myers dedicates Spruce & Hemlock evergreen trees planted at General Edumund Kirby-Smith Confederate monument in singular honor of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk; Sewanee, 1952.

Episcopalian Katharine Jefferts Schori declares "null and void" election of South Carolina Bishop Mark Joseph Lawrence; New York City, 2007. 

16

Fire of suspicious cause burns Augusta & mars gravestone of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk in Saint Paul's Episcopal Church; 1916.

Roger Brooke Taney's birth; Calvert County, 1777.

George Cook's birth; Saint Mary's County, 1793.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk, Senior Bishop of Southern Confederacy, walks from Cowan up Sewanee Mountain to University Place; 1861.

Louis Amateis dies; West Falls Church, 1913.

17

Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus dies; Vindobona, 180.

Vincent David Walsh's birth; 1818.

Patrick Ronayne Cleburne's birth; County Cork, 1828.

Kenyon Cox dies; New York City, 1919.

18

John Caldwell Calhoun's birth; Abbeville District, 1782.

Haitian Emperor Dessalines's troops complete bloody massacre of European Colonials in Port-au-Prince; 1804.

Eugenius Aristides Nisbet dies; Macon, 1871.

Chattanooga Times Free Press reports "Sewanee: The University of the South's" admitting to lowering standards for recruiting & enrolling increasing ethnic diversity; 2009.

19

Sieur de La Salle René-Robert Cavelier dies; Brazos River, 1687.

King William III of Orange dies; London, 1702.

General James Camp Tappan dies; Helena, 1906.

Eliphalet Frazer Andrews dies; Washington, 1915.

Bishop Mark Joseph Lawrence's birth; Bakersfield, 1950.


20

Pulius Ovidius Naso's birth; Sulmo, 43 B.C.

George Washington Harris's birth; Allegheny City, 1814.

Henrik Johan Ibsen's birth; Skien, 1828.

George Cooke dies; New Orleans, 1849.

21

Archbishop Thomas Cranmer's martyrdom by fire; Oxford, 1556.

Henry Kirk White's birth; Nottingham, 1785.

P.W. Alexander's birth; 1825.

Robert Southey dies; Keswick, 1843.

General Joseph Eggleston Johnston dies; Washington, 1891.

22

Jonathan Edwards dies; Princeton, 1758.

South Carolina becomes first independent government with adoption of state constitution drafted by provincial congress; 1776.

Commodore Stephen Decatur dies from dueling wounds; Bladensburg, 1820.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe dies; Weimar, 1832.

Francis Asbury Shoup's birth; Conwells Mills, 1835.

Condy Raguet dies; Philadelphia, 1842.

Tennessee Bishop Charles Todd Quintard, assisted by Fairbanks, Morris & Merrick, erects Cross & reclaims Domain of The University of the South for us; Sewanee, 1866.

23

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk as Senior Bishop of the Confederacy & Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott issue call for Montgomery Convention of Episcopal Dioceses of the Confederate States; Sewanee, 1861.

24

Queen Elizabeth I dies; Richmond, 1603.

Fist Viscount Bernard Law Montgomery dies; Alton, 1976.


25

Caterina Benincasa's birth; Siena, 1347.

Leon Battista Alberti dies; Rome, 1472.

Thoyras de Rapin's birth; Castres, 1661.

Nicholas Hawksmoor dies; London, 1736.

Richard Hurrell Froude's birth; Dartington, 1803.

26

Sir John Vanbrugh dies; London, 1726.

Ludwig van Beethoven dies; Vienna, 1827.

Alfred Edward Housman's birth; Fockbury, 1859.

Vermont Bishop John Henry Hopkins confirms "religious & moral grandeur" of Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk's plan for The University of the South; 1860.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes wife of William Dudley Gale "one of most estimable & gentlemanly men I have ever known"; Shelbyville, 1863.

Robert Lee Frost's birth; San Francisco, 1874.

General Alfred Holt Colquitt dies; Washington, 1894.

Captain Stouten Hubert Dent dies; 1917.

27

King James I dies; Theobalds, 1625.

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo dies; Madrid, 1770.

John Jackson Dickison's birth; Monroe County, 1816.

Henry Adams dies; Washington, 1918.

28

Bartolomeo della Porta's birth; Florence, 1472.

Wade Hampton III's birth; Charleston, 1818.

General Edmund Kirby-Smith dies; Sewanee, 1893.

Sergey Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff dies; Beverly Hills, 1943.

29

Charles Wesley dies; London, 1788.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk commands First Corps of General Albert Sidney Johnston's Army of the Mississippi; 1862.

John Keble dies; Bournemouth, 1866.

Eugene Joseph McCarthy's birth; Watkins, 1916.

Barry Morris Goldwater dies; Paradise Valley, 1998.

Civil Rights activists force removal of Confederate battle flag from Civil War Sesqui-Centennial display in old North Carolina State Capitol; Raleigh, 2013.

30

General William Hicks Red Jackson dies; 1903.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk reviews corps before Confederate President Jefferson Davis's Aide-de-Camp Colonel W. Preston Johnston & then proudly writes wife "in their hearts is embodied as large & intense an amount of rebellion as was ever concentrated in the same number of men"; Shelbyville, 1863.

Sewanee School of Theology marches for racial unity, systemic reform, transformational inclusion, social tolerance, institutional change & structural equity; University Avenue, 2011.

31

King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella expel Jews from Kingdoms of Aragon & Castile with Alhambra Decree; 1492.

Andrew Marvell's birth; Winestead, 1621.

Sir Isaac Newton dies; London, 1727.

Franz Joseph Haydn's birth; Rohrau, 1732.

John Constable dies; London, 1837.

John Caldwell Calhoun dies; Washington, 1850.

Smith Pyne Bankhead dies; Memphis, 1867.

Elizabeth Rutherford dies; 1873.

General Edmund Kirby-Smith's burial in University Cemetery on Good Friday; Sewanee, 1893.






April

1

Joseph de Maistre's birth; Chambéry, 1753

Leading patriotic gentlemen from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina & Virginia open Southern Commercial Convention & soon resolve organizing movement for Southern commercial independence; Augusta, 1838.

All Saints' Chapel's Confederate Bay memorial honoree Sarah Elizabeth Milhado dies; Norfolk, 1928.

Sergey Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff's birth; Oneg, 1873.

Mortally wounded William Cowper Brann shoots & kills assailant; Waco, 1898. 

Whittaker Chambers's birth; Philadelphia, 1901.

Attributed date of historic first Fugitive literary magazine's appearance at Vanderbilt University; Nashville, 1922.

Richard Malcom Weaver, Jr., dies; Chicago, 1963.


2


Philip Dale Roddey's birth; Molton, 1826.

John D. Fulton's birth; Glasgow, 1834.

Samuel Finley Breese Morse dies; New York City, 1872.

Colorlines's "Drop the I-Word" campaign forces Associated Press STYLEBOOK ban of "illegal immigrant" -replaced by "without legal permission"; New York City, 2013.

3

George Herbert's birth; Montgomery Castle, 1593.

John Gill Shorter's birth; Monticello, 1818.

Richmond falls to invading Yankees; 1865.

Walter Prescott Webb's birth; Panola County, 1888.

Walter Lynwood Fleming dies; Nashville, 1932.

4

Spencer Roane's birth; Essex County, 1762.

Oliver Goldsmith dies; London, 1774.

Council of American-Islamic Relations forces Associated Press STYLEBOOK ban of "Islamist" when referring to "Islamic fighters, militants, extremists or radicals"; New York City, 2013.

Wealthy, privileged, powerful & deadly serious MSNBC host Melissa Harris-Perry announces "we have to break through our kind of private idea that kids belong to their parents or that kids belong to their families & recognize that kids belong to whole communities"; 2013.


5


Henry Havelock's birth; Sunderland, 1795.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk warns Diocese "the education of our children should be in our own hands"; West Baton Rouge, 1845.

Buford Expedition departs Montgomery for Kansas Territory; 1856.




6

Raffaello Sanzio's birth; Urbino, 1483.

Raffaello Sanzio dies; Rome, 1520.

Albrecht Dürer dies; Nürnberg, 1528.

Jan van Riebeek lands at Cape of Good Hope; 1652.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives surrendered sword of General Benjamin Prentiss after first day's Confederate victory at Hornet's Nest; Shiloh Church; 1862.

General Albert Sidney Johnston dies in Battle of Shiloh, 1862.

James Dewey Watson's birth; Chicago, 1928.

7

El Greco dies; Toledo, 1614.

8

Walter Lynwood Fleming's birth; Brundidge, 1874.

United States Democrat Congressperson Nancy Pelosi tells Tufts University "it doesnt matter so much who wins the election, because we have shared values"; 2011. 

9

William Bartram's birth; Kingsessing, 1739.

Virginia Bishop William Channing Moore ordains diaconate candidate Leonidas Polk at Monumental Church; Richmond, 1830.

Citizens lay Cornerstone of Tuskegee Female College; 1855.

General Robert Edward Lee surrenders Confederate forces of overwhelming Yankees at Appomattox Courthouse; 1865.

James Ronald Chalmers dies; Memphis, 1898.

Governor James Francis Byrnes dies; Columbia, 1972.

Beautiful & historic Trinity Episcopal Church hosts Leonidas Polk Bi-Centennial Memorial Series Palm Sunday remembrance; New Orleans, 2006.

10

Hugo Grotius's birth; Delft, 1583.

James Bowie's birth; Terrapin Creek, 1796.

Leonidas Polk's birth to Colonel William & Sarah Sophia Hawkins Polk; Raleigh, 1806.

Thomas Read Rootes Cobb's birth; Cherry Hill, 1823.

Reverend Doctor Charles Todd Quintard reads Good Friday prayers in Calvary Episcopal Church & Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey preaches; Memphis, 1857.

Eugenius Aristides Nisbet, Lewis Neale Whittle, Asbury Hull, Charles K. Marshall, William Henry Trescott, Robert Barnwell Rhett, George Alfred Trenholm, Christopher Gustavus Memminger, Edmund Rhett, Robert Francis Withers Allston, Joseph Brevard Kershaw, John Smith Preston, William Fontaine Maury, Patrick Henry Aylett & other leading patriotic gentlemen from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee & Virginia open Southern Commercial Convention & soon resolve discriminating "election of all professors & teachers in favor of Southern talent & education; creation, patronage, encouragement of establishments for publication and sale in Southern states of elementary books of education produced by Southern men, prepared with express reference to proper education of Southern youth"; Charleston, 1854.

Thomas Hart Benton dies; Washington, 1858.

General Robert Edward Lee issues Farewell Address to Army of Northern Virginia; 1865.

George William Russell's birth, Lurgan, 1867

Patriotic community leaders struggling under harsh Reconstruction rule dedicate Confederate Monument in Greenwood Cemetery; New Orleans, 1874.

Captain J. Gideon & Mary J. Wing Morris dedicate famed cenotaph monument atop Pine Mountain in memory of Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk; Kennesaw, 1902.

Sewanee alumni gather for Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Sesqui-Centennial; New York, 1956.

Bishop Girault Jones joyously accepts Confederate flag from United Daughters of the Confederacy for Bishop-General Leonidas Polk & wife's Gravestone; New Orleans, 1958.

John Smith Preston's Cornerstone Prophecy's fulfillment upon Gravestone during Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Bi-Centennial in Christ Church Episcopal Cathedral Shrine; New Orleans, 2006.

Awakened & resurrected grace-filled proudest moment outpouring of Holy Spirit leads Leonidas Polk Memorial Society's prophetic founding upon Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's gravestone in Christ Church Episcopal Cathedral Shrine as conclusion of Leonidas Polk Bi-Centennial Memorial Series; New Orleans, 2006.

Sewanee School of Theology regretfully misses best tribute opportunity by failing to read Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's "General Orders Number One" in All Saints' Chapel on his birthday; Sewanee, 2013.


11

Donato Bramante dies; Rome, 1514.

Pierce Mason Butler's birth; 1798.

William Porcher DuBose's birth; Winnsboro, 1836.

Governor Wade Hampton III dies; Columbia, 1902.

Caroline Ferguson Gordon dies; San Cristóbal de las Casas, 1981.

William Otey Crisman dies; 1985.

Sewanee School of Theology hosts tribute Eucharist for Martin Luther King in Chapel of Apostles; Sewanee, 2013.


12

William Rawle dies; 1836.

Local arsonists firebomb both Louisiana Bishop Leoindas Polk & Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott's occupied family cottages at University Place; Sewanee, 1861.

Confederate Patriots open artillery fire upon Yankee occupied Fort Sumter; Charleston Harbor, 1861.

Peter James Bracken serves as engineer on Texas in pursuit of stolen General during Great Locomotive Chase; Western & Atlantic Railroad, 1862.

William Graham Sumner's death; Englewood, 1910.

13

First performance of George Frideric Handel's Messiah; Dublin, 1742.

Thomas Jefferson's birth; Shadwell, 1743.

Thomas Jefferson writes William Short that the Missouri question will "kindle such mutual & mortal hatred, as to render separation preferable to eternal discord"; Monticello, 1820.

Francis B. Fogg dies; 1880.

Eudora Alice Welty's birth; Jackson, 1909.

Wealthy, privileged, powerful & deadly serious MSNBC host Melissa Harris-Perry announces "this is about whether we as a society, expressing our collective will through our public institutions, including our government, have a right to impinge on individual freedoms in order to advance a common good"; 2013.

14

George Frideric Handel dies; London, 1759.

John Peter Richardson II's birth; Hickory Hill, 1801.

Reverend Charles K. Marshall recommends "in memory of South Carolina's favorite son" & Southern Commercial Convention resolves donation to Calhoun Monument Fund; Charleston, 1854.

Misguided John Wilkes Booth curses Southrons by assassinating Abraham Lincoln; Ford's Theatre, 1865.

15

Filippo Brunelleschi dies; Florence, 1446.

Leonardo da Vinci's birth; Anchiano, 1452.

Charles Wilson Peale's birth; Queen Anne's County, 1741.

Daniel Griffin's birth; 1807.

Leading patriotic gentlemen from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina & Tennessee open Southern Commercial Convention & soon resolve providing commercial education for Southern youth & supporting Southern literary review; Charleston, 1839.

Henry James's birth; New York City, 1843.

Patrick Henry Aylett recommends & Southern Commercial Convention resolves discriminating "election of all professors & teachers in favor of Southern talent & education; creation, patronage, encouragement of establishments for publication and sale in Southern states of elementary books of education produced by Southern men, prepared with express reference to proper education of Southern youth"; Charleston, 1854.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk consecrates Mount Olivet Episcopal Church; Pineville, 1859.

Matthew Arnold dies; Liverpool, 1888.

Atlanta's leading ladies organize their Daughters of American Revolution chapter; 1891.

Immigrant Muslim Islamacists kill & maim innocent Americans with terror bombs at Boston Marathon on Patriots' Day; 2013.

16

Jean-Baptiste Racine dies; Paris, 1699.

Henry Watterson's birth; Washington, 1840.

Jacques-Anatole-François Thibault's birth; Paris, 1844.

Alexis de Tocqueville dies; Cannes, 1859.

Ladies Society for Burial of Deceased Alabama Soldiers forms; Montgomery, 1866. 

Andrew Nelson Lytle reads powerfully moving "Jericho, Jericho, Jericho" at Agnes Scott College; Decatur, 1986.

Radiantly imbued & deeply concerned Sewanee alumni receive anointment from awakened & resurrected grace-filled proudest moment outpouring of Holy Spirit & originate Forever Meridiana at Carolina Yacht Cub; Charleston, 2004.

Kansas Governor Sam Brownback preemptively signs Second Amendment Protection Act & nullifies & declares void & unenforcable
"any act, law, treaty, order, rule or regulation of the government of the United States which violates the second amendment to the constitution of the United States"; Topeka, 2013.

Boy Scouts of America's Executive Committee says "attitudes & opinions among Americans related to gay & lesbian relationships have changed rapidly over past three years & younger parents & teens tend to oppose policy" of banning open & avowed gays; Irving, 2013.

17

Martin Luther appears before Diet of Worms; 1521.

Benjamin Franklin dies; Philadelphia, 1790.

William Gilmore Simms's birth; Charleston, 1806.

Virginia's approved Ordinance of Secession declares "the powers granted them under the said Constitution were derived from the people of the United States & might be resumed whensoever the same should be perverted to their injury and oppression"; Richmond, 1861.

Cornelius Van Til dies; Philadelphia, 1987.

Leading Sewanee alumni join historic funeral procession from Battery Park to Magnolia Cemetery for recovered H. L. Hunley crew; Charleston, 2004.

18

John Foxe dies; Cripplegate, 1587.

Paul Revere rides at Midnight to warn American Patriots of approaching enemy; 1775.

Reverend Leonidas Polk preaches first sermon at Monumental Church; Richmond, 1830.

Jacques Maritain dies; Toulouse, 1973.

19

Philipp Melanchthon dies; Wittenberg, 1560.

Daniel Baker joins Presbyterian Church at Hampden-Sydney College; 1811.

Lord Byron dies; Missolonghi, 1824.

United States Attorney General Janet Reno's armed federal agents launch tank assault against Branch Davidian religious compound & kill civilian men, women & children; Waco, 1993.

20

John Smith Preston's birth; Salt Works, 1809.

Alfred Holt Colquitt's birth; Monroe, 1824.

Colonel Robert Edward Lee resigns commission from United States Army; 1861.

Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras's birth; Martiques, 1868.

General Samuel Gibbs French dies; Florala, 1910.


21


    Romulus & Remus found Rome; 753 B.C.

Saint Anslem of Canterbury dies; Kent, 1109.

Pierre Abélard dies; Priory of Saint-Marcel, 1142.

Henry VII dies; Richmond, 1509.

Jan Anthoniszoon van Riebeeck's birth; Culemborg, 1619.

Hippolyte-Adolphe Taine's birth; Vouziers, 1828.

Mark Twain dies; Redding, 1910.

Sewanee Purple reports Administration's outrageous refusal to return beloved Southern state flags to All Saints' Chapel & on repugnant name change scandal investigation; 2004.



22

Bartolommeo Ammannati dies; Florence, 1592.

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra dies; Madrid, 1616.

Thomas Jefferson writes John Holmes that Missouri question "like a fire bell in the night, awakened & filled me with terror"; Monticello, 1820.

Ellen Anderson Gholson Glasgow's birth; Richmond, 1873.

Poet-Laureate of Confederacy Father Abram Joseph Ryan dies; Louisville, 1886.

23

Recognition day for William Shakespeare's birth; Stratford-upon-Avon, 1564.

William Shakespeare dies; Stratford-upon-Avon, 1616.

William Wordsworth dies; Rydal Mount, 1850.

Harry Stillwell Edwards's birth; Macon, 1855.

General Robert Edward Lee accepts command of Virginia forces; 1861.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey, Chancellor of The University of the South, dies; Memphis, 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk resumes his role as Senior Bishop of Southern Confederacy & elevates to Chancellorship of his University of the South; Shelbyville,1863.

First Confederate Memorial Day; Kingston, 1865.

"Sewanee: The University of the South" fails living up to obligation of affirmatively giving founder Bishop-General Leonidas Polk tribute service of gratitude on Sesqui-Centennial anniversary of his elevation to Chancellorship of his University of the South; All Saints' Chapel, 2013.

24

Daniel Defoe dies; London 1731.

Nicolas Pineau dies; Paris, 1754.

Anthony Trollope's birth; London, 1815.

Robert Penn Warren's birth; Guthrie, 1905.

Reverend John D. Fulton dies; Philadelphia, 1907.

Patrick Henry Pearse's Irish Republicans commence rising Easter Rebellion against British rule; Dublin, 1916.

25

Emmerich de Vattel's birth; Couvet, 1714.

John Keble's birth; Fairford, 1792.

Rousas John Rushdoony's birth; New York City, 1916.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives alert from Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest in Jackson of Yankee's transferring "everything" to Chattanooga for movement against Dalton; Demopolis, 1864.

Nature publishes James Watson & Francis Crick's landmark revelation of structural Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid & commences deeper scientific & social understandings of empirically sourced biological differences & human biodiversity; London, 1953.

Donald Davidson dies; Nashville, 1968.

Sewanee Chorale & Sewanee Symphony at The University of the South joyfully celebrates high European creative genius with superb performance of Mozart's masterful Coronation Mass; Guerry Auditorium, 2013.


26


Marcus Annius Verus's birth; Rome, 121.

William Shakespeare receives baptism into Christian faith; Stratford-upon-Avon, 1564.

John James Audubon's birth; Les Cayes, 1785.

Royal Academy of London opens first exhibition in Pall Mall; 1769.

Frederick Law Olmsted's birth; Hartford, 1822.

Governor George Michael Troup dies; Montgomery County, 1856.

Ladies Memorial Association first decorates historic Confederate graves in Rose Hill Cemetery; Macon, 1866.

Governor & General Alfred Holt Colquitt delivers grand oration at laying of cornerstone for Ladies Memorial Association's new monument on Confederate Memorial Day; Macon, 1878.

Leading patriotic citizens in Charleston celebrate Calhoun Day with fair young girls' unveiling historic monument to John Caldwell Calhoun while band plays "Dixie" & receiving Lamar Quintus Cinncinatus Lamar's magnificent oration; 1887.

Assailant of disputed identity murders Little Miss Mary Phagan at National Pencil Company; Atlanta, 1913.

 Awakened & resurrected grace-filled proudest moment outpouring of Holy Spirit leads Sewanee Friends of Abbeville Institute origination upon Bonnie Blue White Star; College Street, 2011.

27

Fernando Magellan dies; Mactan, 1521.

Pellegrino Tibaldi dies; Milan, 1596.

Peter the Great receives crowning as Tsar of Russia; 1682.

Samuel Finley Breese Morse's birth; Charlestown, 1791.

Confederate Colonel Smith Pyne Bankhead gives Sir Arthur James Lyon Fremantle letter of introduction to Bishop-General Leonidas Polk; San Antonio,1863.

Patrick Henry Aylett dies; Richmond, 1870. 

Frank Alexander Juhan's birth; Macon, 1887.

Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard dies; New York City, 1889.

28

Giovanni Battista Piazzetta dies; Venice, 1754.

James Monroe's birth; Westmorland County, 1758.

William Rawle's birth; Philadelphia, 1759.

Clergy & Churches of State of Louisiana meet in Convention at Christ Church to organize into Independent Diocese; New Orleans, 1838.

Sir Arthur James Lyon Fremantle witnesses Texas cotton fields for first time; Belmont, 1863.

29

Saint Catherine of Siena dies; Rome, 1380.

Théodore-Agrippa d Aubigné dies; Geneva, 1630. 

Eli Sims Shorter dies; Eufaula, 1879.

President Jefferson Davis lays cornerstone of Alabama Ladies Memorial Association's Confederate monument; Montgomery, 1886.

James Innes Randolph, Jr., dies; Baltimore, 1887.

Diverse Sewanee students urge "better environment for multicultural students" after research reveals "unsatisfactory social life, issues of support compared to mainstream & dominant culture, experiences of insensitivity in & out of classroom, lack of diverse faculty & staff"; 2011.


30

Roman Emperor Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus issues Edit of Toleration on behalf of Christians; 311. 

Mary II's birth; London, 1662.

Samuel Adams writes John Scollay "I have long been convinced that our Enemies have made it an Object, to eradicate from the Minds of the People in general a Sense of true Religion & Virtue, in hopes thereby the more easily to carry their Point of enslaving them"; Philadelphia, 1776.

Robert Livingston & James Monroe sign Louisiana Purchase Treaty; Paris, 1803.

Alfred Edward Housman dies; Cambridge, 1936.




May

date pending- Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's vastly outnumbered forces commanded by Cantey heroically frighten 25,000 aggressively intrusive Yankee's under James McPherson into retreating from Snake Creek Gap; 1864.

date pending- The University of the South's Board of Trustees approves transformational Minority Recruitment and Retention document; Sewanee, 1989.

date pending- Mary Maples Dunn announces "You won't know the place in twenty years" to The University of the South's Board of Trustees in Convocation Hall; Sewanee, 1998.

date pending- Sword Over the Gown portrait of founder Bishop-General Leonidas Polk of Louisiana watches over its final Board of Trustees meeting until historic proud resumption in 2004; Sewanee, 1998.

date pending- Woman employment consultant directing search for The University of the South's next Vice-Chancellor rises in shock & anger when Sewanee Trustee recommends from podium "his wife should be a good hostess"; Convocation Hall, circa 1999  

date pending- The University of the South's Board of Trustees approves Lipman-Hearne marketing consultation & changes historic University name to odious new "Sewanee: The University of the South"; 2004.

date pending- Awakened & resurrected grace-filled proudest moment outpouring of Holy Spirit's founding era of Leonidas Polk Memorial Society's Sewanee Chapter commences at The University of the South's Trustee Orientation; Louisiana Circle, 2006.

date pending- 20th Anniversary of Mary Maples Dunn's confirmed prediction of "you won't know the place in twenty years" to The University of the South's Board of Trustees in Convocation Hall; Sewanee, 2018.

2


Saint Athanasius dies; Alexandria, 373.

Leonardo da Vinci dies; Cloux, 1519.

William Mercer Green's birth; Wilmington, 1798.

Christ Church enters communion with Protestant Episcopal Church; New Orleans,1806.

William Henry Stephens's birth; Havre de Grace, 1816.

Buford Expedition arrives in Kansas Territory; 1856.

Yankees arrest & imprison Arkansas Missionary Bishop Sewanee Trustee Henry Champlin Lay without charges; Huntsville, 1862. 

Paul Revere of the Confederacy John Henry Wisdom rides from Gadsden toward Rome to warn of Yankee cavalry threat; 1863.

Stonewall Jackson's Confederates smash invading Yankees at Chancellorsville with victorious flank attack; 1863.

James Francis Byrnes's birth; Charleston, 1882.

Diocese of Louisiana fulfills Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott's Augusta prophecy upon reinterring Bishop-General Leonidas Polk in Garden District's Christ Church Episcopal Cathedral Shrine; New Orleans, 1945.

3

Niccolò Machiavelli's birth; Florence, 1469.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey in Saint Peter's Episcopal Church again encourages Diocese's supporting "Christian & patriotic" colonizing "free black people" back to Africa as important to "philanthropist & statesman" & "sending missionaries to barbarous & savage tribes bordering colonies" & appoints "National Independence" anniversary July 4 for collection"; Columbia, 1855. 

John Henry Wisdom, Paul Revere of the Confederacy, arrives in Rome; 1863.

General Nathan Bedford Forrest's outnumbered Confederate cavalry capture Colonel Abel Streight's invading Yankee Cavalry column; Cedar Bluff; 1863.

General Robert Edward Lee commands Confederate victory at Chancellorsville; 1863.

Cornelius Van Til's birth; Grootegast, 1895.

Patrick Henry Pearse dies by firing squad execution; Dublin, 1916.

Fugitive Poets reunite at Vanderbilt University; Nashville, 1956.

Accuracy in Academia's Campus Report reviews The University of the South's repugnant name change scandal; Washington, 2004.

4

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes Presiding Bishop of Confederacy Stephen Elliott "come & preach for us, visit us, administer communion to us"; Shelbyville, 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives orders from Confederate President Jefferson Davis for move to Rome & unite with General Joseph Eggleston Johnston "to meet the enemy"; Demopolis, 1864.

5

Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard's birth, Sheffield, 1809.

Søren Aabye Kierkegaard's birth; Copenhagen, 1813.

South Carolina Southern Rights Association Delegates assemble in Charleston; 1851. 

William Crosby Dawson dies; Greensboro, 1856.

Ladies Memorial Association of Athens lays cornerstone of Confederate monument; 1871.

Kenneth Duva Burke's birth; Pittsburgh, 1897.

6

Reverend Leonidas Polk marries Miss Frances Anne Devereaux; Raleigh, 1830.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey as Chancellor of The University of the South calls for July meeting of Board of Trustees at Beersheba Springs; Memphis, 1858.

Special Convention of Diocese of Louisiana calls for election of Bishop; 1841.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk arrives at Resaca; 1864.

Attributed date of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's baptizing Lieutenant-General John Bell Hood into Christian faith; Dalton, 1864.

Charles Leonidas Widney, Jr., memoralizes founder Leonidas Polk in Sewanee Purple; 1948.

12

John Dryden dies; London, 1700.

William Archibald Dunning's birth; Plainfield, 1857.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk  commanding Army of Mississippi issues General Orders Number One

William Yandell Elliott's birth; Murfreesboro, 1896.

Georgia Division of United Daughters of Confederacy vindicates unjustly convicted & executed Captain Henry Wirz with unveiling of memorial monument in Andersonville; 1908.

13

Historic first English Christian settlers arrive at Jamestowne; 1607.

Sir James Thornhill dies; Thornhill, 1734.

General James Breckenridge dies; Grove Hill, 1833.

Daniel Pratt dies; 1873.

Sewanee Cornerstone Prophet John Smith Preston delivers grand oration at unveiling & loving dedication of monument to South Carolina's heroic Confederate soldiers; Columbia, 1879.

United Daughters of Confederacy unveils historic marker at Fort Walker commemorating Captain Lemuel P. Grant; Atlanta,1938.

Florida Times-Union reports on The University of the South's repugnant name change scandal; Jacksonville, 2004.

14

Thomas Gainsborough receives baptism into Christian faith; Sudbury, 1727.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk writes to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with concerns for safety of Mississippi Valley from Yankee threat; 1861.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Confederate Army of Mississippi rescues outnumbered Army of Tennessee at Battle of Resaca; 1864

William Alexander Percy's birth; 1885.

15

Lewis Neale Whittle's birth; 1818.

Reverend Leonidas Polk & wife Frances arrive at Lucius Polk's Hamilton Place; Ashwood, 1833.

Yankee Major-General Benjamin Beast Butler issues indecent General Order 28 declaring any New Orleans lady who insults Yankee troops will be  treated as "a woman of the town plying her avocation"; 1862.

General Stonewall Jackson's burial in Lexington Presbyterian Cemetery; 1863.

Battle of Resaca concludes; 1864.

Frederick Wellington Ruckstull's birth; Breitenbach, 1853.

Representative Preston Smith Brooks of South Carolina justifiably canes head of disreputable Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts on floor of United States Senate; Washington, 1856.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk's leadership of "movement to establish & endow an Institution" receives welcomed Christian endorsement Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey at Convention in Saint Luke's Episcopal Church; Jackson, 1857. 

President Jefferson Davis writes to Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk of desired meeting; Richmond, 1861.

Victor-Marie Hugo dies; Paris, 1885.

 
23

Girolamo Savonarola receives martyrdom by fire; Florence; 1498.

Carolus Linnaeus's birth; Råshult, 1707.

Tennessee Bishop James Otey announces to Diocese vital proposal of Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk for much needed Southern University; 1857.

Henrik Johan Ibsen dies; Kristiania, 1906.

Friedrich August von Hayek dies; Freiburg, 1992.

Boy Scouts of America's National Council removes ban on gay membership; Irving, 2013.

Barak Hussein Obama says Internet allows consumption of "hateful propaganda" & "we recognize Muslims are a fundamental part of the American family"; Washington, 2013.

24

Archbishop Saint Augustine of Canterbury dies; Kent, 604.

Jacopo da Pontormo's birth; Pontormo, 1494.

Charles Clark's birth; Cincinnati, 1811.

Alexandrina Victoria's birth; Kensington Palace, 1819.

John Randolph of Roanoke dies; Philadelphia, 1833.

Violent abolitionist John Brown & crazed fanatics massacre innocent settlers at Pottawatomie Creek; Osawatomie, 1856.

Tullahoma News & Winchester Herald-Chronicle report on The University of the South's repugnant name change scandal; 2004.

25

Saint Bede the Venerable dies; Jarrow, 735.

Pedro Calderón de la Barca dies; Madrid, 1681.

Thoyras de Rapin dies; 1725.

Jacob Christopher Burckhardt's birth; Basel, 1818.

Susan Spratt Polk Rayner's birth; 1822.

Chaplain Charles Pettit McIlvaine baptizes Cadet Leonidas Polk into Christian faith; West Point Chapel, 1826.

John Hooper Harvey's birth; London, 1911.

26

First Duke of Marlborough John Churchill's birth; Ashe, 1650.

General Edmund Kirby-Smith holds out as last surrendering Confederate general; 1865.

Judge Asa Holt dies; 1872.

28

29

Charles II's birth; London, 1630.

Patrick Henry's birth; Studley, 1736.

Franklin Harper Elmore dies; Washington, 1850.

Francis Hugh Wardlaw dies; Columbia, 1861.

Sir Arthur James Lyon Fremantle meets "zealous Episcopal chaplain" Reverend Doctor Charles Todd Quintard; Wartrace, 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives Sir James Lyon Fremantle at Headquarters; Shelbyville, 1863.

Governor John Gill Shorter dies; Eufaula, 1872.

Gilblert Keith Chesterton's birth; London, 1874.

30


Maid of Orléans Saint Joan of Arc dies in executioner's fire; Rouen, 1431.

Christopher Marlowe dies; Deptford, 1593.

Peter Paul Rubens dies; Antwerp, 1640.

Alexander Pope dies; Twickenham, 1744.

George Saint Leger Grenfell's birth; London, 1808.

Robert Edward Lee marries Mary Randolph Custis of Arlington; 1831.

Federal Government repeals Missouri Compromise with passing Kansas-Nebraska Act; Washington, 1854.

Reverend Doctor Charles Todd Quintard leads morning & evening prayers & hymns at Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Headquarters; Shelbyville, 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's son Artillery Lieutenant William Mecklenburg Polk relates to Sir Arthur James Lyon Fremantle enthusiasm stirred at Virginia Military Institute by Stonewall Jackson's "be slow to draw the sword in civil strife, but when you draw it, throw away the scabbard"; Shelbyville, 1863.
 
Miss Ethel Roberts unveils first Sword Over the Gown; Louisville, 1900.

Much anticipated Polk Family Reunion & Archives Project convenes up at Sewanee, 2003.

31

Tintoretto dies; Venice, 1594.

Thomas Polk's committee of pariot Militiamen adopt Mecklenburg Resolves for independence from Great Britain; Meckenburg County, 1775.

Franz Joseph Hayden dies; Vienna, 1809.

Albert Gallatin Brown's birth; Chester District, 1813.

Reverend Leonidas Polk receives advancement into priesthood by Bishop William Channing Moore of Virginia in Christ Church; Norfolk, 1831.

Presiding Bishop of the Confederacy Stephen Elliott of Diocese of Georgia preaches at Presbyterian Church & confirms Artillery Lieutenant William Mecklenburg Polk & Colonel William Dudley Gale; Shelbyville, 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk attends Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott sermon to large outdoor congregation of Confederate soldiery and officers; Wartrace, 1863.

 Bishop Benjamin Bosworth Smith of Kentucky dies; New York, 1884.

President Jefferson Davis reinterred; Richmond, 1893.

New Orleans artist Katherine Chamlee presents commissioned rubbing of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's gravestone to Polk Family Archives at The Univeristy of the South; Sewanee, 2003.

Abbeville Institute convenes at historic Fendall Hall; Eufaula, 2013.



Trinity Term


June

date pending-

Sewanee's Vice-Chancellor Samuel Ruthvin Williams writes that our Mace "broke accidentally & will be placed in Archives"; 1997.

Dry Ridge Historical Museum greatly enhances collection & makes positive impact on community by enthusiastically receiving Sword Over the Gown image in honor of great South Carolinians; Weaverville, 2013.

 Museum & Library of Confederate History & Bob Jones University Museum & Gallery each greatly enhance collections & make positive impact on community by enthusiastically receiving Sword Over the Gown image in honor of great South Carolinians; Greenville, 2013. 

Local Southern patriots greatly enhance collection & make positive impact on community by enthusiastically receiving Sword Over the Gown image in honor of great South Carolinians; Traveler's Rest, 2013. 

Carolina Yacht Club, United Daughters of the Confederacy's Confederate Museum & Charleston Library Society each greatly enhance collections & make positive impact on community by enthusiastically receiving Sword Over the Gown images in honor of great South Carolinians; Charleston, 2013.

Confederate Relic Room greatly enhances collection & make positive impact on community by enthusiastically receiving Sword Over the Gown image in honor of great South Carolinians; Columbia, 2013.

Local Southern patriots greatly enhance collection & makes positive impact on community by enthusiastically receiving Sword Over the Gown image in honor of great South Carolinians; Abbeville, 2013. 



 



1

Carl Philipp Gottlieb von Clausewitz's birth; Burg, 1780.

Henry Francis Lyte's birth; Ednam, 1793.

Caroline Lee Hentz's birth; Lancaster, 1800.

John Hunt Morgan's birth; Huntsville, 1825.

Unveiling of Ladies Memorial Association's Confederate monument in Athens; 1872.

Chancellor of The University of the South & Alabama Bishop Charles Colcock Jones Carpenter lovingly consecrates our Mace upon High Altar of All Saints' Chapel; Sewanee, 1965.

4

Edward George Washington Butler, Jr.'s birth; 1829.

5

Adam Smith receives baptism into Christian faith; Kirkaldy, 1723.

Sir Arthur James Lyon Fremantle departs Shelbyville for Chattanooga; 1863.


6

Diego Rodríguez de Silva Velázquez's birth; Sevilla, 1599.

Nathan Hale's birth; Coventry, 1755.

John Trumbull's birth; Lebanon, 1756.

Patrick Henry dies; Red Hill, 1799.

Benjamin Hawkins dies; Creek Agency Reserve, 1816.

Leading patriotic gentlemen from Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas & Virginia open Southern Commercial Convention & hear Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey invoke Divine blessings; Memphis, 1853.

Doctor Charles Todd Quintard attends Southern Commercial Convention as Tennessee Delegate; Memphis, 1853.


Honorable William Crosby Dawson urges Southern Commercial Convention "retain amount of wealth we spend abroad, with it make more endearing beautiful homes, more attractive picturesque & delightful watering places, erect school-houses, academies, colleges & universities, build on every hill-top & in every valley, temples to ever-living God"; Memphis, 1853.


William Ralph Inge's birth; Crayke, 1860.

Confederate Partisan leader Colonel William Clarke Quantrill dies from wounds in Federal military prison; Louisville, 1865.

Thomas Mann's birth; Lübeck, 1875.

Edward McCrady's election as Vice-Chancellor; Sewanee, 1952.

7

James Barbour dies; Barboursville, 1842.

8

Gideon Johnson Pillow's birth; Columbia, 1806.

Thomas Paine dies; New York City, 1809.

Southern Commercial Convention unanimously resolves "education of our youth at home; employment of native teachers, encouragement of home press, publications of books adapted to educational wants & social conditions"; Memphis, 1853.

Mary Jane Peters dies; 1911.

Francis Harry Compton Crick's birth; Northhampton, 1916.

9

Saint Columba dies; Iona, 587.

Pyotr Alekseyevich's birth; Moscow, 1672.

Southern Commercial Convention resolves Reverend Charles K. Marshall's recommendation of State education for those "devoting themselves to profession of teaching within their borders"; Memphis, 1853.

Bishop William Alexander Guerry of South Carolina dies from gunshot wounds; Charleston, 1928. 

10

James Barbour's birth; Frascati, 1775.

John Henry Wisdom's birth; 1820.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey preaches at Polk family plantations' Saint John's Episcopal Church; Ashwood, 1853.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk writes to wife of meetings with President Jefferson Davis & General Robert E. Lee & of his efforts "to serve Tennessee in getting field batteries"; Richmond, 1861.

Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde premieres at Munich; 1865.

John Charles Ryle dies; Lowestoft, 1900.

Reverend Kensey Johns Stewart dies; 1902.

Frederick Theodore Albert Delius dies; Grez-sur-Loing, 1934.

Sigrid Undset dies; Lillehammer, 1949.

Abbeville Institute Scholars examine Northern Anti-Slavery Rhetoric; Johns Island, 2008.

11

Benjamin Jonson's estimated birth; London, 1572.

John Constable's birth; East Bergholt, 1776.

Eliphalet Frazer Andrews's birth; Stubenville, 1835.

William Gilmore Simms dies; Charleston, 1870.

Abbeville Institute Scholars examine Origin & Character of Southern Identity; Seabrook Island, 2007.

12

Virginia Convention adopts George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights; Williamsburg, 1776.

Samuel Cooper's birth; New Hackensack, 1798.

Charles Kingsley's birth; Holne Vicarage, 1819.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk inscribes gift copies of Reverend Doctor Charles Todd Quintard's Balm for Weary & Wounded to Confederate Generals Joseph Eggleston Johnston, William Joseph Hardee & John Bell Hood & signs his own copy at Hardage; Kennesaw; 1864.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk reads Episcopal Prayer Book services to military staff with "dignity & solemnity worthy of prophet of old" at Hardage; Kennesaw, 1864.

Governor Albert Gallatin Brown dies; Terry, 1880.

Sir Herbert Edward Read dies; Malton, 1968.

13

Alexander III the Great of Macedonia dies; Babylon, 323 B.C.

Benjamin Bosworth Smith's birth; Bristol, 1794.

Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott sermonizes "God's Presence with the Confederate States" in Christ Church on President Jefferson Davis's proclaimed Day of Solemn Humiliation, Fasting & Prayer; Savannah, 1861.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes daughter "do always what is right" from Hardage & conferences at General Joseph Eggleston Johnston's headquarters regarding Pine Mountain; Kennesaw, 1864.

Bishop

William Butler Yeats's birth; Dublin, 1865.

Judge John Cochran dies; Eufaula, 1873.

Campus Leadership Program On-Line reports on The University of the South's repugnant name change scandal; Arlington, 2004.

14

Nathan Bedford Forrest enlists as private in Confederate Army; Memphis, 1861.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes wife of Reverend Doctor Benjamin Palmer's preaching in Presbyterian Church; Shelbyville. 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk, Founder, Chancellor & Martyred Saint of The University of the South, receives mortal shell in action atop Pine Mountain from General William Techumseh Sherman's Yankee artillery; Kennesaw, 1864.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives first post-mortem memorialization with General Joseph Eggleston Johnston's  General Field Orders Number Two "The Christian patriot solder has neither lived nor died in vain"; Kennesaw,1864.

Major-General William Wing Loring received command of late Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Army of Mississippi & writes "the memory of whose valor & virtue will be long cherished by his troops"; 1864.

Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott, Presiding Bishop of the Confederacy, elevates to Chancellorship of The University of the South; Savannah, 1864.

Alabama Bishop Richard Hooker Wilmer dies; Mobile, 1900.

Gilbert Keith Chesterton dies; Beaconsfield, 1936.


15

King John signs Articles of the Barons; Runnymede, 1215.

Affiliated Protestants vote for Episcopal clergyman & found Christ Church; New Orleans, 1805.

Reverend Doctor Charles Todd Quintard officiates at first funeral of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk at Saint Luke's Episcopal Church; Atlanta, 1864.

Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott receives telegraphic news of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's death; 1864.

Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk Camp Number 1446 of Sons of Confederate Veterans unveils new Leonidas Polk historic marker atop Pine Mountain; Kennesaw, 2013. 

16

General First Duke of Marlborough John Churchill dies; Windsor, 1722.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's inscribed gift Balm for  Weary & Wounded posthumously delivered by Assistant Adjutant General Douglas West to Generals Joseph Eggleston Johnston, William Joseph Hardee & John Bell Hood; 1864.

John Enoch Powell's birth; Birmingham, 1912.

17

John III Sobieski dies; Wilanów, 1696.

John Wesley's birth; Epworth, 1703.

Joseph Addison dies; London, 1719.

Abel Parker Upshur's birth; Northhampton County, 1790.

Arthur Middleton Rutledge dies; Sewanee, 1876.

Eugene Muse Mitchell dies; 1944.

Leonidas Polk Bi-Centennial Memorial Series's Pine Mountain Prophecy for June 18, 2016, post-Sesqui-Centennial memorial service; Kennesaw, 2006.

18

Bartolommeo Ammannati's birth; Settignano, 1511.

Chronicle of Higher Education reports on The University of the South's repugnant name change scandal; Washington, 2004.

19

King John signs Magna Carta; Runnymede, 1215.

James I's birth; Edinburgh Castle, 1566.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk writes to wife from Richmond that Southerners are resolute & determined to meet the Yankee threat & his being "filled with apprehension at prospect of failure; 1861.

Loss in battle of the C.S.S. Alabama; Cherbourg; 1864

Philip Dale Roddey dies; London, 1897.

1st Baron Acton of Aldenham dies; Tegernsee, 1902.

Carry Amelia Moore Nation dies; Leavenworth, 1911.

20

Theobald Wolfe Tone's birth; Dublin, 1763.

21

Niccolò Machiavelli dies; Florence, 1527.

Susie Jessie Walsh's birth; 1853.

Reinhold Niebuhr's birth; Wright City, 1892.

Sewanee Magazine of "Sewanee: The University of the South" publishes Perimeter Trail map with historic & beloved Polk's Lookout name suspiciously erased from view; 2008. 

22


John Drayton's birth; Drayton Hall, 1776.

Vernon King Stevenson's birth; 1812.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk writes from Richmond to Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott "that it is for Constitutional liberty, which seems to have fled to us for refuge, for our hearth-stones & our altars we strike"; 1861.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk writes from Richmond to wife of having been called to serve "our country, our hearth-stones & our altars"; 1861.

Alabamian Joseph Wright Taylor delivers his "Memorial University" address to Literary Societies at Washington & Lee University's Commencement Day; Lexington, 1871.

Audie Leon Murphy's birth; Kingston, 1924.



23

Laying of the cornerstone of The University of the South's All Saints' Chapel; 1905.


24

Theodore Beza's birth; Vézelay, 1519.

John Archibald Campbell's birth; Washington, 1811.


25

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk receives commission as Major-General commanding Provisional Confederate Forces in defense of territory including Mississippi Valley; Richmond, 1861.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk declares upon steps of Virginia State Capitol "I buckle the Sword over the Gown"; Richmond, 1861.

Stephen Elliott Peters dies; Atlanta, 1864.

George Orwell's birth; Motihari, 1903.

Lucinda E. Hardage participates in dedicating Kennesaw National Battlefield Park; Kennesaw Mountain, 1939.

Provisional Bishop Charles G. vonRosenberg of Episcopal Diocese in South Carolina formally charges Bishop Mark J. Lawrence of Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina & clergy with abandonment of Episcopal Church & deposes with restricted ministries; Charleston, 2013.



27

Giorgio Vasari dies; Florence, 1574.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's corps arrives at Tullahoma; 1863.

George MacLaren Brydon's birth; Danville, 1875.

Leading patriotic citizens dedicate monument to Admiral Raphael Semmes in Mobile; 1900.

28

Henry VIII's birth; Greenwich, 1491.

Peter Paul Rubens's birth; Siegen, 1577.

Carolina Day tradition begins with Colonel William Moultrie's leading Carolina & Virginia patriots in defeating British land & naval forces; Sullivan's Island, 1776.


29

Virginia Convention adopts George Mason's Virginia Constitution; Williamsburg, 1776.

Claude-Frédéric Bastiat's birth; Mugron, 1801.

John Bell Hood's birth; Owingsville, 1831.

Colonel John T. Wilder reaches summit of Sewanee Mountain with invading Yankee cavalry & vandalizes railroad to Tracy City at "Southern University"; Sewanee, 1863.

Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott, Presiding Bishop of the Confederacy & Chancellor of The University of the South, eulogizes & prophesizes Bishop-General Leonidas Polk at funeral & first interment at Saint Paul's Episcopal Church; Augusta, 1864.

Franzisca Bernadina Wilhelmina Elisabeth Ney dies; Austin, 1907.

30

Colonel Wilder's Federal cavalry attacks at University Depot; Sewanee, 1863.

General James Cantey dies; Fort Mitchell, 1874.

Arabic Al-Jezeera network broadcasts National Aeronautics & Space Administration Administrator Charles Bloden's admitting President Barak Hussein Obama wants NASA "perhaps foremost to reach out to Muslim world"; Egypt, 2010.






July

1

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's birth, Leipzig, 1646.

John Perkins, Jr.'s birth; Natchez, 1819.

Leonidas Polk enters United States Military Academy as Cadet; West Point, 1823.

Cadet Leonidas Polk graduates from West Point with promotion to Brevet Second Lieutenant of Artillery; 1827.

Governor Andrew Pickens, Jr., dies; Pontotock, 1838.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk issues his call to action letter to Southern Bishops only; New Orleans, 1856.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk arrives in Allisona on Elk River & sends advice to General Braxton Bragg for Confederate Army of Tennessee to take position at the Mountain at Cowan & receives response from General William Hardee "let us fight at the Mountain"; 1863.


2

Jacopo Sansovino receives baptism into Christian faith; Florence, 1486.

Thomas Cranmer's birth; Aslacton, 1489


Michel De Notredame dies; Salon, 1566.

Robert Augustus Toombs's birth; Wilkes County, 1810.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives order from General Braxton Bragg to move corps from Allisona to Cowan & General William Hardee orders to Brakefield Point; 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's army corps draws defensive line at Cowan & then departs & begins march up Sewanee Mountain; 1863.

General William Hardee's Corps begins crossing over Sewanee Mountain; 1863.

Federal Cavalry occupies Cowan; 1863.

Fanny Downing pens "In Memoriam" for Bishop-General Leonidas Polk; 1864.

United States Senator & Presidential Candidate Barak Hussein Obama calls for civilian national security force just as powerful as military; Colorado Springs, 2008.

3

Robert Adam's birth; Kirkcaldy, 1728.

John Singleton Copley's birth; Boston, 1738.

Affiliated Protestants in New Orleans incorporate Christ Church; 1805.

Bishop James Hervey Otey, Chancellor of The University of the South, convenes Board of Trustees; Beersheba Springs, 1858.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Corps atop Sewanee Mountain at University Place; 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk, Chancellor of The University of the South, at University Place atop Sewanee Mountain with his Confederate Army of Tennessee corps; 1863.

Wheeler's Cavalry ascends Sewanee Mountain to University Place; Sewanee, 1863.

Ann Marie Zollicoffer dies; Knoxville, 1902.

Senator Benjamin Ryan Tillman dies; Washington, 1918.

4

Jean-Henri Riesener's birth; Gladbeck, 1734.

Second Continental Congress enshrines "consent of the governed" as truest & deepest American value upon approving Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence; Philadelphia, 1776.

President Thomas Jefferson dies; Monticello, 1826.

J. Gideon Morris's birth; 1847.

François-Auguste-René de Chateaubriand dies; Paris, 1848.

President James Monroe dies; New York City, 1831.

William Lowndes Yancey delivers Address on Life & Character of John Caldwell Calhoun to Citizens of Montgomery; 1850.

Diocese of Louisiana's Greer B. Duncan of reads Declaration of Independence at Mountain House in opening ceremonies for Board of Trustees of Proposed Southern University; Lookout Mountain, 1857.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey addresses first Board of Trustees of Proposed Southern University; Lookout Mountain, 1857.

Delegates elect Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey as first President of Board of Trustees of Proposed Southern University; Lookout Mountain, 1857.

President James Monroe reinterred in Hollywood Cemetery; Richmond, 1858.

General William Hardee's Corps completes crossing over Sewanee Mountain at University Place & descends into Sequatchie Valley via Tracy City, 1863.

Major-General Joseph Wheeler's Confederate cavalry defends University Place against offensive Yankee trespass & incursion onto Domain; Sewanee, 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives cavalry Major-General Joseph Wheeler's report of repulsing the Yankee enemy at the Mountain & killing colonel & lieutenant-colonel; Sewanee, 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Corps marches into Sweeden Cove from Sewanee Mountain & crosses Tennessee River at mouth of Battle Creek; 1863.

John Calvin Coolidge's birth; Plymouth, 1872.

The University of the South's Vice-Chancellor Telfair Hodgson of publishes papers of the laying of our Cornerstone; Sewanee, 1877.

Sarah Anne Ellis Dorsey dies; Saint Charles Hotel, 1879.

The University of the South's Archives opening reception for Sesqui-Centennial "Sewanee & the Civil War" exhibit includes Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's sacred extant relics (field binoculars, self-signed personal copy of Reverend Doctor Charles Todd Quintard's Balm for Weary & Wounded & preserved silk first issue Polk's Corps flag); Sewanee, 2013.

5

Charles Rainsford Fairbanks's birth; Watertown, 1820.

The University of the South's Board of Trustees appoints Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk as Senior Bishop on Committee to Address the Southern Dioceses regarding advantages of Sewanee location; Beersheba Springs, 1858.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk headquarters at Shellmound during defensive movement to Chattanooga; 1863.

Ellis Merton Coulter dies; 1981.

6

Saint Thomas More's beheading; London, 1535.

Benjamin Jonson dies; London, 1637.

Chancellor Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey of Proposed Southern University appoints Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk as Senior Bishop & Chairman of Location Committee; Lookout Mountain, 1857.

Mississippi Bishop William Mercer Green offers resolution of "The University of the South" as glorious name of Proposed Southern University; Lookout Mountain, 1857.

Board of Trustees approves Declaration of Principles and establishes University; Lookout Mountain, 1857.

The University of the South's Board of Trustees adopts Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk's resolution to accept University Charter from State of Tennessee; Beersheba Springs, 1858.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey, Chancellor of The University of the South, appoints Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk as Senior Bishop on Committee to Prepare Constitution; Beersheba Springs, 1858.

Henry Tazewell Thompson's birth; 1859.

Kenneth Grahame dies; Pangbourne, 1932.

William Cuthbert Faulkner dies; Byhalia, 1962.

7

John Holmes dies; Portland, 1843.

William Alexander Guerry's birth; Clarendon County, 1861.

Abbeville Institute Scholars examine Rethinking Lincoln: Myth, Symbol & Legacy; Franklin, 2005.

8

Pierre lErmite dies; Neufmostier, 1115.

 Percy Bysshe Shelley dies at sea; Livorno, 1822.

John Wood Pratt addresses Society of Alumni of University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa, 1850.

President Jefferson Davis writes Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott with laments over the death of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk that "I sorrow with his brothers in the ministry, who will now miss his manly counsel and cooperation"; Richmond, 1864.


Georgians save Augusta & Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's grave in Saint Paul's Episcopal Church by decisively assisting South Carolinians in quelling Hamburg rioters; 1876.

Thomas McKie Meriwether dies battling rioters; Hamburg, 1876.

Vivian Leigh dies; London, 1967.

9

William Polk's birth; Mecklenburg County, 1758.

Edmund Burke dies; Beaconsfield, 1797.

Gilbert Stuart dies; Boston, 1828.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes from Nashville to President Davis regarding urgent conditions in East Tennessee; 1861.

Colonel John Hill Lamar dies at Battle of Monocacy; 1864.

Whittaker Chambers dies; Westminster, 1979.

Abbeville Institute Scholars examine Southern Critique of Centralization & Nationalism; Seabrook Island, 2004.

10

John Calvin's birth; Noyon, 1509.

William Blackstone's birth; London, 1723.

Susan Spratt Polk Rayner dies; 1909.

11

Frederick August Porter Barnard delivers "Art Culture, Its Relation to National Refinement & National Morality" oration to Alabama Alpha of Phi Beta Kappa Society; Tuscaloosa, 1854.


12

Desiderius Erasmus dies; Basel, 1536.

Joseph Walters Taylor's birth; Burkesville, 1820.

13

William Wordsworth revisits Banks of Wye & composes Lines a few miles above Tintern Abbey; 1798.

Theophil Edvard von Hansen's birth; Copenhagen, 1813.

Nathan Bedford Forrest's birth; Chapel Hill, 1821.

Edward Courtnay Bullock delivers True & False Civilization oration to University of Alabama's Erosophic & Philomatic Societies; Tuscaloosa, 1858.

Caravaggio dies; Port'Ercole, 1610.

Andrew Marvell dies; London, 1678.

Jean-Antoine Watteau dies; Nogent-sur-Marne, 1721.

George Washington & George Mason write Fairfax Resolves; 1774.

William Makepeace Thackeray's birth; Calcutta, 1811.

Jane Austen dies; Winchester, 1817.

Albert Gallatin Brown delivers Address on Southern Education at Madison College; Sharon, 1859.

Abbeville Institute Scholars examine Southern Agrarian Tradition; Franklin, 2006.

The University of the South's School of Theology holds memorial service for Very Reverend Guy Fitch Lytle in Chapel of Apostles; Sewanee, 2011.

28

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi dies; Vienna, 1741.

Charles Thomas Longley's birth; Rochester, 1794.

General Gideon Pillow writes Bishop-General Leonidas Polk regarding Army of Liberation's occupying New Madrid to cheers of local citizens; 1861.

Herman Cyril McNeile's birth; Bodmin, 1888.

John Henry Wisdom dies; Hoke's Bluff, 1909.

James Burnham dies; Kent, 1987.

Francis Harry Compton Crick dies; San Diego, 2004.

29

Odo de Châtillon-sur-Marne Pope Urban II dies; Rome, 1099.

Moses Waddel's birth; Rowan County, 1770.

Mary J. Wing Morris's birth; 1851.

Alexis de Tocqueville's birth; Paris, 1805.

Judge David George Shortridge dies; Montevallo, 1870.



30

Giorgio Vasari's birth; Arezzo, 1511.

English Christians convene first representative legislative assembly; Jamestowne, 1619.

Confederate boys, old men & convalesing soldiers defeat Stoneman's Yankee raiders at victory of Dunlap Hill; Macon, 1864.

Federal General Stoneman's artillery fires on civilian neighborhood & strikes occupied civilian home of non-combatant Judge Asa Holt; Macon, 1864.

31

Juste-Aurèle Meissonier dies; Paris, 1750.

Philip Cook's birth; Twiggs County, 1817.

William Clarke Quantrill's birth; Canal Dover, 1837.

General Braxton Bragg confers with General Edmund Kirby-Smith on liberation of Kentucky; Chattanooga, 1862.

Franz Liszt dies; Bayreuth, 1886.

Ralph T. Eubanks dies; Little Rock, 2007.






Advent Semester


August

12

Johannes Althusius dies; Emden, 1638.

Robert Mills's birth; Charleston, 1781.

William Blake dies; London, 1827.

John Horace Forney's birth; 1829.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk as Senior Bishop & Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott make Commissioners for Endowment report to the University of the South's Board of Trustees; Beersheba Springs, 1859.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey, Chancellor of The University of the South, appoints himself, Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk & Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott as bishops on the Executive Commitee of the Board of Trustees; Beersheba Springs, 1859.

Avery Odelle Craven's birth; Ackworth, 1885.

Thomas Mann dies; Zürich,1955.

William Bradford Shockley dies; Stanford, 1989.

13

Charles Gustavus Ulrich Dahlgren's birth; Philadelphia, 1811.

Daniel Griffin dies; 1866.

Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibulengen priemieres at Bayreuth, 1876.

14

Boukman's frenzied Bois Caïman Voudaux ceremony initiates insurrection, burnings & bloodshed against French Colonials; Morne-Rouge, 1791.

Herman Cyril McNeile dies; West Chiltington, 1937.

15

Benjamin Hawkins's birth; Warren County, 1754.

Walter Scott's birth; Edinburgh, 1771.

Henry James Sumner Main's birth; Kelso, 1822. 

Edward McKendree Bounds's birth; Shelby County, 1835.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk commands Right Wing of Army of the Mississippi & General William Joseph Hardee commands Left; Chattanooga, 1862.

William Archibald Dunning dies; New York City, 1922.

Mildred Lewis Rutherford dies; Athens, 1928.


16

Jean-Henri Merle dAubigné's birth; Les Eaux-Vives, 1794.

Katherine Polk Gale's birth; Ashwood, 1838.

William H. Scarborough dies; 1871.

Richard Upjohn dies; Putham County, 1878.

Colonel Hiram Parks Bell dies; Atlanta, 1907.

Margaret Mitchell dies; Atlanta, 1949.



17

John III Sobieski's birth; Olesko, 1629.

Nicola Antonio Giacinto Porpora's birth; Naples, 1686.

King Frederick II the Great dies; Potsdam, 1786.

Davy Crockett's birth; Greene County, 1786.

Daniel Baker's birth; Midway, 1791.

Jefferson Buford's birth; Chester County, 1807.

Major-General Benjamin Franklin Cheatham's division of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Right Wing of Army of the Mississippi crosses Tennessee River; Chattanooga, 1862.


18

Historic first native European-American Virginia Dare's birth to fully English parents Ananias and Ellinor Dare; Roanoke Colony, 1587.

General Edmund Kirby-Smith's Army of East Tennessee liberates Barboursville from Yankee occupation; 1862.

Attributed date of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's requesting Reverend Doctor Charles Todd Quintard to attend first meeting of Comrades of the Southern Cross in his stead; Chattanooga, 1863.

Attributed date of Reverend Doctor Charles Todd Quintard & Army of Tennessee officers under command of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk organizing Comrades of the Southern Cross; Tyner's Station, 1863.

Reverend Doctor William Porcher DuBose dies; Sewanee, 1918.

19

Emperor Augustus Caesar dies; Nola, 14.

John Dryden's birth; Aldwinkle, 1631.

Right Reverend William Meade's consecration as Assistant Bishop of Virginia; Philadelphia, 1829.

Williams Giles Dix delivers his The University of the South address at Beersheba Springs; 1859.

Auguste-Maurice Barrès's birth; Charmes-sur-Moselle, 1862.

General William Whann Mackall dies; Langley, 1891.


20

Saint Bernard de Clairvaux dies; Clairvaux, 1153.

Thomas Smythe dies; Charleston, 1873.

John Graves's birth; Fort Worth, 1920.

Students arriving back up Mountain discover new & undated University Purpose statement in Catalog & Announcements 2005-2006 removes training in personal initiative" & adds reverent concern for the world; Sewanee, 2005.

Muslim Islamacist Al Jazeera television channel gains entry into cable subscribers' American homes; 2013.


21

Richard Channing Moore's birth; New York City, 1762.

Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer's birth; The Hague, 1801.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk reads prayers at Saint Paul's Episcopal Church & Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey preaches; Richmond, 1853.

Commencement of Senate candidate Republican Abraham Lincoln's forcing candidate Democrat Stephen Douglas into excluded middle of argumentation in debate; Ottawa, 1858.

22

Robert Southey's birth; Bristol, 1774.

French Colonials in Saint-Domingue suffer burnings, atrocities, massacres & violent rapes by Bois Caïman Vaudoux cult leader Boukman's insurgents; Le Cap, 1791.

Edward Bouverie Pusey's birth; Pusey,1800.

Mary Catherine Dougherty Bigby's birth; 1835.

Williams Giles Dix again delivers his The University of the South address at Beersheba Springs; 1859.


Former National Council of Churches Chief Joan Brown Campbell says Christians should reject exclusivity of their Christian faith; Chautauqua, 2013.

23

Partisan Colonel John Jackson Dickison dies; Bugg Spring, 1902.

Andrew Lytle delivers his "The Family Community or the Service State" at Foundation for American Education's "Search for Order in American Society: The Southern Response" seminar; Glendale, 1977.

Students arriving back up Mountain discover new & undated University Purpose statement inCatalog & Policies 2008-2009 adds welcoming individuals from all backgrounds & changes distinguished faculty into distinguished & diverse faculty & then find suspicious removal of All Saints' Day & Good Friday from official Academic Calendar; Sewanee, 2008.

Roswell Mills Camp of Sons of Confederate Veterans unveils monument to Captain Thomas Edward King at gravesite; Roswell, 2008.

Federal Judge Weston Houck dismisses trademark lawsuit filed by Episcopal Diocese in South Carolina Bishop Charles vonRosenberg against Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina Mark Lawrence & acknowledges proper authority of State Circuit Court's deciding rightful owner of names, symbols & property; Charleston, 2013. 

24

Robert Herrick receives baptism into Christian faith; London, 1591.

Governor Rawlins Lowndes dies; Charleston, 1800.

James Napper Tandy dies; Bordeaux, 1803.

Thomas Fenwick Drayton's birth; Charleston, 1808.

George Earl Maney's birth; Franklin, 1826.

Miriam Brannin Hilliard dies; 1853.

Edward McKendree Bounds dies; Washington, 1913.

25

Michael Faraday dies; Hampton Court, 1867.

Friedrich Nietzsche dies; Weimar, 1900.

Chalcedon Presbyterian Church enriches & expands obedient witness upon receiving Sword Over the Gown image in memory of Andrew Nelson Lytle; Cumming, 2013.

26

Karl Theodor Körner dies; Gadebusch, 1813.

Sustained Confederate resistance forces Federal General William Techumseh Sherman's abandoment of Atlanta seige; 1864.

Charles Augustus Lingbergh dies; Maui, 1974.

27

Tiziano Vecellio dies; Venice, 1576.

Lope Félix de Vega Carpio dies; Madrid, 1635.

James Thomson dies; Richmond, 1748.

Thomas Butler King's birth; Palmer, 1800.

Governor David Lowry Swain dies; Chapel Hill, 1868.

Governor Milledge Luke Bonham dies; White Sulpher Springs, 1890.

Students arriving back up Mountain recieve shock of Administration's erasing underrepresented names Leonidas Polk, Stephen Elliott, William Mercer Green, Charles Todd Quintard, George Rainsford Fairbanks, Josiah Gorgas, Robert Edward Lee, Francis Asbury Shoup, Edmund Kirby-Smith, William Alexander Gregg, William Porcher DuBose, Thomas Frank Gailor, Telfair Hodgson, Benjamin Lawton Wiggins, Alexander Guerry & Edward McCrady, but Samuel R. Williamson remaining, from official History of the University in Catalog 1996-1997 & Announcements 1997-1998; Sewanee, 1997.

"Sewanee: The University of the South" ReThink Task Force reports "expand student respect for diversity & preserving dignity for all & minimize risks & enhance collective Sewanee experience"; 2013.

28

Saint Augustine of Hippo dies; Hippo Regius, 430.

Hugo Grotius dies; Rostock, 1645.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's birth; Frankfurt am Main, 1749.

Smith Pyne Bankhead's birth; Fort Moultrie, 1823.

Richard Wagner's Lohengrin premieres in Weimar; 1850.

Jefferson Buford dies; Clayton, 1862.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk arrives at Major-General Withers's headquarters; Dallas, 1862.

Reverend Doctor Charles Todd Quintard & Army of Tennessee officers under Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's command adopt Constitution of the Comrades of the Southern Cross; Chattanooga, 1863.

Frederick Law Olmsted dies; Waverly, 1903.

29

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes to President Jefferson Davis recommending General Albert Sidney Johnston for command of Mississippi Valley & Western field; Memphis, 1861.

 Emory Magazine reports "increasing complexity" causes conslidation of President's Commissions on Status of Women, President's Commission on Race & Ethnicity & President's Commission on Sexuality, Gender Diversity & Queer Diversity into new Advisory Council on Community & Diversity; Decatur, 2012.



30

Deluging rainstorm from Heaven above cancels African Gabriel's conspiracy for massacring European Americans in Richmond; 1800.

General Edmund Kirby-Smith's liberating Rebel army decisively routes Yankee occupiers at Richmond; 1862.

General John Bell Hood dies; New Orleans, 1879.

Texas Supreme Court rules in favor of ousted Sewanee Trustee & Fort Worth Bishop Jack Leo Iker by rendering The Episcopal Church's Dennis Canon dead in church property litigation; Austin, 2013.

Admiral Raphael Semmes dies; Mobile, 1877.

General Alexander Peter Stewart dies; Biloxi, 1908.

31

Lindisfarne Bishop Saint Aidan dies; Bamburgh, 651.

John Bunyan dies; London, 1688.

Stephen Elliott's birth; Beaufort, 1806.






September

1

Le Grand Monarque XIV dies; Versailles, 1715.

Sir Richard Steele dies; Carmarthen, 1729.

James Anderson Whiteside's birth; Pulaski County, 1803.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes Kentucky Governor Beriah Magoffin "I should be ahead of the enemy in occupying Columbus"; Memphis, 1861.

2

Octavius Caesar decisively defeats Mark Antony at naval Battle of Actium; 31 BC.

Special Orders Number 141 extends Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's command to Arkansas & all military operations in Missouri; Richmond, 1861.

General Edmund Kirby-Smith rides into Lexington unopposed; 1862.

Sargeant Alvin Collum York dies; Nashville, 1964.

3

Benjamin Henry Latrobe dies; New Orleans, 1820.

State Rights Gist's birth; Union District, 1831.

Southern Rights club resolves formation of clubs in all counties for "dessemination of truth" & protection of rights & interests; Clayton, 1850.

Forces under command of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk make timely & much needed occupation of Columbus; 1861.

Susan Dowdell Myrick dies; 1978.

4

François-Auguste-René de Chateaubriand's birth; Saint-Malo, 1768.

Spencer Roane dies; 1822.

President Jefferson Davis writes Bishop-General Leonidas Polk that "necessity justifies the action" regarding Columbus occupation; 1861.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's First Division of Right Wing of Confederate Army of the Mississippi receives battle flags; Sparta, 1862.

Thunderbolt of the Confederacy John Hunt Morgan dies from gunshot; Greeneville, 1864.

General Benjamin Franklin Cheatham dies; 1886.

Reverend Brigadier-General Francis Asbury Shoup dies; Columbia, 1896.

5

Louis Le Grand Monarque XIV's birth; Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 1638.

Andrew Adgate Lipscomb's birth; Georgetown, 1816.

Thomas Edward Watson's birth; Thomson, 1856.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey, Chancellor of The University of the South, sends from University Place invitations to Cornerstone laying ceremonies; Sewanee, 1860.

George C. Taylor writes to Bishop-General Polk expression of "profound gratitude at advent of army under your command & our hearts to hail with delight approach of Confederate troops"; Columbus, 1861.

6

Marquis de Lafayette Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier's birth; Chavaniac, 1757.

Jesse Mercer dies; Indian Springs, 1841.

7

Elizabeth I's birth; Greenwich, 1533.

William Butterfield's birth; London, 1814.

Brigadier-General Lucius Marshall Walker dies from dueling wound; Little Rock, 1863.

Yankee General William Tecumseh Sherman evicts defenseless Southern women & children from Atlanta; 1864.

Reverend Doctor Charles Todd Quintard's election as second Bishop of Tennessee; 1865.

Governor Clement Comer Clay dies; Huntsville, 1866.

Major Charles Rainsford Fairbanks erects beloved Rebel's Rest; Sewanee, 1866.

Sidney Lanier dies; Lynn, 1881.

8

George Michael Troup's birth; McIntosh Bluff, 1780.

Williams Giles Dix delivers The University of the South address to Historical Society of Tennessee at Capitol; Nashville, 1859.

Occupying Federal troops execute Texan Calvin Crozier; Newberry, 1865.

William Ridley Wills dies; 1957.

Federal Army Chief of Staff General George Casey admits losing Muslim diversity in United States Army is worse than Muslim terrorism against United States Army soldiers; Washington, 2009.

9

William the Conquering Bastard I dies; Rouen, 1087.

Armand Jean du Plessis's birth; Richelieu, 1585.

John Singleton Copley dies; London, 1815.

James Camp Tappan's birth; Franklin, 1825.

Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy's birth; Yasnaya Polyana, 1828.

John Henry Newman publishes first of Oxford Movement's Tracts for the Times; Oxford, 1833.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes John M. Johnston & demolishes false claims of Kentucky's neutrality; Columbus, 1861.

Ludwig von Mises's birth; Lemerg, 1881.

Governor William Calvin Oates dies; Montgomery, 1910.

Robert Alexander Nisbet dies; Washington, 1996.

10

Joseph Medlicott Scriven's birth; Banbridge, 1819.

Mary Amarinthia Yates Snowden's birth; Charleston, 1819.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk arrives in Tompkinsville with Right Wing of Army of the West; 1862.

Trident On-Line reports on The University of the South's repugnant name change scandal; Lexington, 2004.

11

James Thomson's birth; Ednam, 1700.

Felix Grundy's birth; Berkeley County, 1811.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk arrives at Lafayette with his Confederate Army corps; 1863.

Reverend Telfair Hodgson dies; Sewanee, 1893.

John Barber Dicks, Jr., dies; 1990.

Muslim Islamacists attack World Trade Center & Pentagon; New York City & Washington; 2001

The Independent reports Pope Francis's writing that non-believers would be forgiven by God if they followed their consciences; London, 2013.

Sewanee Purple reports "brand new Gender & Sexual Diversity House transitioning into prominent position on campus"; 2013.

12

Richard Bancroft receives baptism into Christian faith; Farnworth, 1544.

John Cox Underwood's birth; Georgetown, 1840.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk arrives in Glasgow with Right Wing of Army of the West; 1862.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk issues Circular from Rock Spring Church "this is the enemy by whom property destroyed, hearthstones desolated, women insulted & outraged, altars profaned... troops will sternly revenge wrongs"; Calhoun Road, 1863.

General Bushrod Rust Johnson dies; Brighton, 1880.

Lewey Dorman's birth; Clayton, 1887.



13

Titus Vespasianus Augustus dies; 81.

Andrea Mantegna dies; Mantua, 1506.

John Joseph Pershing's birth; Laclede, 1860.

John Horace Forney dies; 1902.

14

Saint John Chrysostom dies; Comana, 407.

Dante Alighieri dies; Ravenna, 1321.

Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt's birth; Berlin, 1769.

James Fenimore Cooper dies; Cooperstown, 1851.

Duke of Wellington dies; Walmer Castle, 1852.

General Braxton Bragg announces to Kentuckians his Confederate Army of the West arrives to "offer you an opportunity to free yourselves from tyranny of a despotic ruler"; Glasgow, 1862.

"Sewanee: The University of the South" Multicultural Affairs Engage publication claims commitment "to fostering a diverse & inclusive campus community & seeking to educate students for an ever-changing world"; 2012. 

15

James Fenimore Cooper's birth; Burlington, 1789.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey preaches in Polk plantations' Saint John's Episcopal Church; Ashwood, 1855.

Colonel John Basil Lamar dies from battle wounds received at Crampton's Gap; 1862.

Thomas Clayton Wolfe dies; Baltimore, 1938.

Robert Penn Warren dies; Stratton, 1989.

Charles Péguy dies; Villeroy, 1914.

Ernest Lee Tuveson's birth; Oregon, 1915.

16

18

Caesar Domitianus Augustus dies; Rome, 96.

Samuel Johnson's birth; Litchfield, 1709.

Moses Drury Hoge's birth; Prince Edward County, 1818.

All Saints' Chapel's Confederate Bay memorial honoree Sarah Elizabeth Milhado's birth; Norfolk, 1848.

General James Longstreet's Confederate Army corps from Virginia begins union with Army of Tennessee; Chickamauga, 1863.

First students & faculty process at The University of the South's first Opening Convocation; Sewanee, 1868.

Edward McCrady's birth; Canton, 1906.

19

Andrea del Sarto dies; Florence, 1530.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk commands right of Confederate Army of Tennessee at Battle of Chickamauga; 1863.

Brigadier-General Preston Smith & Roswell Colony's Mayor Captain Thomas Edward King die in Battle of Chickamauga; 1863.

20

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Confederate Army of the Mississippi Right Wing begins march to Bardstown; Munfordville, 1862.

Brigadier-General Nathan Bedford Forrest's Confederate cavalry defends right flank of Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Right Wing at Battle of Chickamauga; 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk commands Right Wing of Confederate Army of Tennessee & General James Longstreet commands Left for great victory at Battle of Chickamauga; 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Aide-de-Camp W.B. Richmond dies in Battle of Chickamauga; 1863.

Ernest Lee Tuveson dies; Oakland, 1996.

21

Publius Vergilious Maro dies; Brundisium, 19 B.C.

Girolamo Savonarola's birth; Ferrara, 1452.

Michael Faraday's birth; Newington, 1791.

Francis B. Fogg's birth; 1795.

First Baronet Sir Walter Scott dies; Abbotsford, 1832.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk establishes headquarters atop Missionary Ridge; 1863.

John Armfield dies; Beersheba Springs, 1871.



22

Nathan Hale dies by British hanging; Manhattan Island, 1776.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk orders Cheatham's Division press forward on Chickamauga-Chattanooga Road to find enemy; Mission Mills, 1863. 

Ralph Adams Cram dies; Boston, 1942.

23

Augustus Caesar's birth; 63 B.C.

Francesco Maurizio di Giorgio Martini receives baptism into Christian faith; Siena, 1439.

Karl Theodor Körner's birth; Dresden, 1791.

Joseph Addison Turner's birth; Putnam County, 1826.

Colonel Walter Gwynn begins location surveys for Southern University; Huntsville, 1857.

Major Kinloch Falconer dies; 1878.

Sewanee South Carolinians embrace acceptance of Sword Over the Gown image; 2013.

Sewanee Woman's Center hosts "I Love the Female Orgasm" for student education about "how to have your first orgasm, masturbation, vibrators & female ejaculation" as message of healthy female empowerment; Guerry Auditorium, 2013.



24

Governor Robert Young Hayne dies; Asheville, 1839.

Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey consecrates Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk's Saint John's Episcopal Church; Ashwood, 1842.

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald's birth; Saint Paul, 1896.

Herbert Sebastian Agar's birth; New Rochelle, 1897.

Southern Heritage News & Views reports on The University of the South's repugnant name change scandal; South, 2004.

Richmond Domainian intensely examines shameful erasure of underrepresented Leonidas Polk's name from "History of the University" & enthusiastically receives consecrated Polk's Corps flag memorial; duPont Library, 2013.

25

Francesco Borromini's birth; Bissone, 1599.

William Cuthbert Falkner's [sic] birth; New Albany, 1897.

General Sir Arthur James Lyon Fremantle dies; Cowes Castle, 1901.


26

Raphael Semmes's birth; Charles County, 1809.

Daniel Boone dies; Saint Charles County, 1820.

Colonel P.W. Alexander dies; 1886.

Thomas Stearns Eliot's birth; St. Louis, 1888.

Martin Heidegger's birth; Messkirch, 1889.

Senator Thomas Edward Watson dies; Washington, 1922.

George Santayana dies; Rome, 1952.

Reverend George MacLaren Brydon dies; Richmond, 1963

27

William of Wykeham dies; Bishops Waltham, 1404.

Samuel Adams's birth; Boston, 1722.

Governor William Moultrie dies; Charleston, 1805.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk writes Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott that Sewanee "will prove to be the place" for University; 1857.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk appeals to General Robert E. Lee for coming West to assist in decisive movement against Yankee armies; in the Field, near Chattanooga; 1863. 

North Carolina Democratic Governor Bev Perdue calls for suspending elections for two years; Cary, 2011.

28

Lawrence Sullivan Ross's birth; Bentonsport, 1838.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives command of Confederate Army of the Mississippi from General Braxton Bragg; Springfield Turnpike, 1862.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk gives command of Confederate Army of the Mississippi Right Wing to Major-General Benjamin Franklin Cheatham; Springfield Turnpike; 1862.

Herman Melville dies; New York City, 1891.

29

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra's birth; Alcalá de Henares, 1547.

Horatio Nelson's birth; Burnham Thorpe, 1758.

Yankee installed Military "Governor" of Louisiana Brigadier-General G. F. Shepley issues Special Order 33 to Reverend John Fulton "omission in service of Protestant Episcopal Church in New Orleans of Prayer for President & others in authority will be considered evidence of hostility to government of United States"; 1862. 

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk & personal staff receive orders to depart Missionary Ridge for Atlanta; 1863.

Reverend Doctor Charles Todd Quintard regrets misunderstanding between General Braxton Bragg & Bishop-General Leonidas Polk; Missionary Ridge, 1863.

30

William Short's birth; Virgina, 1759.

George Whitefield dies; Newburyport, 1770.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk issues Farewell to corps "soldiers who struggle in such cause, with such hearts, can never be conquered; sunlight of future is brightly glowing; fight ever until independence achieved; great cause must never be sacrificed, or our flag abandoned, our cause is just"; Missionary Ridge, 1863.

James Glover Baldwin dies; 1864.

Robert Alexander Nisbet's birth; Los Angeles, 1913.

October

Sewanee Founders' History Month

Celebrating Sewanee's highest cultural attainments by honoring greatness of Polk, Otey & Elliott 

pend- founders in every generation

1

Sewanee's Annual Greco-Roman Western Tradition, Christianized European Culture, Celtic Spiritualization, Saxon Vigor & Anglicized Society Day celebrates comprehensive contributions of those whose specific dates of birth, death & achievement are lost to yet undiscovered mysteries of time: Royal Family & Pharonic House of Egypt, Akhenaten, Melchizedek, Abraham, Jacob, Moses, Solomon, Zoroaster, Heraclitus, Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, Pymander, Hermes Trimegistos, Diogenes Laertius, Sopholes. Aristophanes, Aeschylus, Euripides, Simonides, Anaximander, Clitomachus, Theophrastus, Chrysippus, Thales, Anaximander, Joseph, Mary, James, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Isiah, Noah, Ezekial, Alexander the Great, Phidias, Paul, Cleopatra, Catos Elder & Younger, Demosthenes, Homer, Euclid, Lief Erickson, Themistocles, King Leonidas, Beowulf, Hector, Achilles, Odysseus, Helen, Priam, Ramses, Æthelwold of Winchester, Ælfric of Eynsham, Caedmon, Alfred the Great, Cynewulf, Plutarch, NIcola Pisano, Andrea Pisano, Giovanni Pisano, Bonaventura Berlinghieri, Duccio, Simone Martini, Pietro Lorenzetti, Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Andrea Orcagna, Buonamico Buffalmacco, Giovanni Paolo Panini, Aneas, Ajax, Lucretius, Saint Longinus, Merlin, King Arthur,Thucydides, Herodotus, Aesop, Livy, Gaius, Tacitus, Diogenes, Solon, Epicurus, Lactantius,  Diocletian, Seneca, Tertullian, Pericles, Juvenal, Apuleius, Julian of Norwich, Sallust, Miltiades the Younger, Callimachus, Henry Yevele, Sun Tzu, etc. 

Don Juan de Austria dies; Namur, 1578.

First day ratified BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER available for authorized use by Protestant Episcopal Church; 1790.  

Samuel Adams dies; Boston, 1803.

Francis Marion Cockrell's birth; Johnson County, 1834.

William Hicks Jackson's birth; 1835.

Bishop Thomas Frank Gailor of Tennessee dies; Sewanee, 1835.

James M. Calhoun dies; Atlanta, 1875.

General Alfred Jefferson Vaughn, Jr., dies; Indianapolis, 1899.

2

Louis-Gabriel-Ambroise Viscount de Bonald's birth; Le Monna, 1754.

Alexander Peter Stewart's birth; Rogersville, 1821.

Rebel Episcopal priests Reverends Leacock, Fulton, Goodrich, et al, canonically loyal to their Bishop-General Leonidas Polk protest Yankee Military Governor Brigadier-General Shepley's Order 33 by reconfirming their liturgical obligation omitting prayers for President of United States; New Orleans, 1862.

General Alpheus Baker dies; Louisville, 1891.

Walter Clyde Curry dies; Nashville, 1967.

3

Saint Francis of Assisi dies; Assisi, 1226.

Rembrandt Peale dies; Philadelphia, 1860.

James Gallier, Sr., dies at Sea, 1866.

Thomas Clayton Wolfe's birth; Asheville, 1900.

4

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn dies; Amsterdam, 1669.

Giovanni Battista Piranesi's birth; Mestre, 1720.

5

Jonathan Edwards's birth; East Windsor, 1703.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk attends his final Episcopal Church General Convention & declares in Saint Paul's that new University of the South is "calculated to correct the lax & ill-defined notions prevalent"; Richmond, 1859.

Commanding Bishop-General Leonidas Polk at Springfield with portion of Confederate Army of the Mississippi; 1862.

Surgeon Leroy H. Henderson dies; Aiken, 1863.

Captain John McIntosh Kell dies; 1900.

Consecrated Bishop-General Leonidas Polk memorial monument atop Pine Mountain inspires SIR ABDIEL'S pushing forward anointed & creative advancement of Resurgametica's regenerate Sola Domainidai theonomic liturgical law; Kennesaw, 2013.

6

William Tyndale's receives martyrdom by strangulation & fire; Vilvoorde, 1536.

Samuel Davis's birth; Rutherford County, 1842.

Commanding Bishop-General Leonidas Polk at Harrodsburg with portion of Confederate Army of the Mississippi; 1862.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes President Jefferson Davis requesting court of inquiry; Atlanta, 1863.

Caroline Ferguson Gordon's birth; Todd County, 1895.

Eight Sewanee School of Theology professors resign over delayed intergration of Negroes into Seminary; Sewanee, 1952.

Professor Reverend George Boggan Myers defies Sewanee School of Theology's eight resigning faculty; Sewanee, 1952.

7

Don Juan de Austria & Holy League Christians halt aggressive westward expansion of Muslim Islamicists with decisive victory at Lepanto; 1571.

George Mason dies; Gunston Hall, 1792.

Bushrod Rust Johnson's birth; Belmont County, 1817.

Martha McChesney Berry's birth; Jackson County, 1866.

Henry Timrod dies; Columbia, 1867.

8

Nicolas Pineau's birth; Paris, 1684.

Commanding Bishop-General Leonidas Polk reconnoiters Perryville battlefield & then leads Confederate Army of the Mississippi in victory over Yankees; 1862.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives President Jefferson Davis for conference regarding victory at Chickamauga; Atlanta, 1863.

Richard Whately's death; Dublin, 1863.

General Gideon Johnson Pillow dies; Helena, 1878.

9

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk prays for peace in Saint Philip's Episcopal Church following withdrawal after Battle of Perryville; Harrodsburg, 1862.

 General Howell Cobb dies; New York City; 1868.

John Donald Wade dies; Marshallville, 1963.

Right Reverend Foley Beach's consecration as first Bishop of Anglican Diocese of the South & honoring as Distinguished Alumnus of The University of the South by The Leonidas Polk Memorial Society; Atlanta, 2010.

10

Heroic Charles Martel saves threatened Christian Franks from imposed Islamic Caliphate with decisive victory over invading Muslims at Tours; 732.

Jacobus Arminius's birth; Oudewater, 1560.

Jean-Antoine Watteau's birth; Valenciennes, 1684.

William Henry, Prince of Orange, delcares Protestant Religion & Liberty for England; The Hague, 1688.

Benjamin West's birth; Springfield, 1738.

Virginia executes African Gabriel for conspiracy & planned massacre; Richmond, 1800.

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi's birth; Roncole, 1813.

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk, Senior Bishop present, chairs morning meeting of Board of Trustees at University Place; Sewanee, 1860.

Band plays "Dixie's Land" as historic first official song at The University of the South; Sewanee Depot, 1860.

Major Arthur Middleton Rutledge serves as Marshal for procession to laying of Cornerstone at Univeristy Place; Sewanee, 1860

Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk consecrates Elk River varigated red marble Cornerstone of his University of the South "that thereby God be glorified" at University Place; Sewanee,1860.

Honorable John Smith Preston of South Carolina delivers oration & bestows Sewanee's deepest, purest & oldest inherited social tradition upon Domainians with enduring Cornerstone Prophecy at University Place; Sewanee, 1860. 

Evening banquet with speeches by Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury, University of Mississippi President Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard, Kentucky Bishop Benjamin Bosworth Smith & Honorable John Morgan Bright at University Place; Sewanee, 1860.

General Edmund Kirby-Smith briefly joins his Army of Kentucky with General Braxton Bragg's Army of the Mississippi; Harrodsburg, 1862.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives retroactive promotion to rank of Confederate Lieutanant-General from Richmond; 1862.

Tennessee Bishop Thomas Frank Gailor places rare fragment of vandalized original Cornerstone into All Saints' Chapel wall; Sewanee, 1929.

Alexander Guerry's installation as Vice-Chancellor of The University of the South; Sewanee, 1938.

Andrew Nelson Lytle delivers landmark "A Christian University and the Word" Founders' Day Address in All Saints' Chapel; Sewanee, 1964.

Ludwig von Mises dies; New York City, 1973.

Archives of The University of the South hesitantly receives original ante-bellum relic from Gossling House in Shelbyville in commemoration of the Sesqui-Centennial of Founders' Day under exclusively arranged custodianship of Order of Gownmen; old Kappa Sigma House, 2010.

New Sewanee Administration hosts Sesqui-Centennial reenactment of readings from laying of Cornerstone at memorial site in Louisiana Circle without mentioning names of neither Louisiana Bishop Leonidas Polk, Tennessee Bishop James Hervey Otey, nor Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott; Sewanee, 2010.

Embarrassing new Sewanee-published historiography of Lousiana Bishop Leonidas Polk's consecrating his Cornerstone erroneously declares him killed at "Battle of Stone Mountain"; Supply Store, 2010.

Awakened & resurrected grace-filled proudest moment outpouring of Holy Spirit leads private evening consecration of Sesqui-Centennial Cornerstone Epitaph & Sewanee Chapter of Leonidas Polk Memorial Society upon memorial in Louisiana Circle; Sewanee, 2010.

11

Huldrych Zwingli dies; Kappel, 1531.

George Washington Cable's birth; New Orleans, 1844.

The University of the South's Board of Trustees unanimously adopts Constitution at University Place; Sewanee, 1860.

Reverend Moses Drury Hoge safely runs Yankee blockade & arrives at Wilmington; 1863.

Right Reverend Charles Todd Quintard's consecration as second Bishop of Tennessee; 1865.

Jamacian Governor Edward John Eyre supressed violent revolt at Morant Bay; 1865.

Annual All Saints Day at The University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, calls Domainians to prayerful thanksgiving offerings for saintly life of our Bishop-General Leonidas Polk. 

Right Reverend Leonidas Polk's consecration as Bishop of Arkansas & the Southwest & First Foreign Missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church to Republic of Texas; Cincinnati, 1838.

Felix Grundy dies; Nashville, 1840.

Southern Commercial Convention Committee of Twenty One takes up "education of Southern youth in Northern seminaries is to be strongly deprecated as unnecessary, impolitic & taints their minds with disloyalty to South"; Savannah, 1856.

George Alfred Trenholm dies; Charleston, 1876.

Johannes Adam Oertel dies; Vienna, 1909.

 

10

King George III founds Royal Academy of Arts; London, 1768.

Sarah Sophia Hawkins Polk dies; 1845.

Daniel Baker dies; Austin, 1857.

President Jefferson Davis arrives to review Confederate Army of Tennessee in Murfreesboro; 1862.

General Joseph Eggleston Johnston transfers Army Headquarters from Meridian to Brandon; 1863.

Joseph Meriwether dies; 1886.

Conrad Wise Chapman dies; Hampton, 1910.

Edgar Legare Pennington dies; 1951.

Eugene Joseph McCarthy dies; Woodville, 2005.


11

George Mason's birth; Fairfax County, 1725.

George Washington Harris dies; Knoxville, 1869.

Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn's birth; Kislovodsk, 1918.

12

1st Viscount Bolingbroke Henry Saint John dies; Battersea, 1751.

James Lawrence Pugh's birth; Burke County, 1820.

Southern Commercial Convention appoints Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott, James Hamilton Couper, Albert Taylor Bledsoe & Reverend James Henry Thornwell et al  "select & prepare series of textbooks to elevate & purify Southern education"; Savannah, 1856.

Southern Commercial Convention resolves "duty of Southerners give earnest encouragement to literary & industrial periodicals now established in their midst & withdraw such published in North inimical to our rights"; Savannah, 1856.

Edward Alfred Pollard dies; Lynchburg, 1892.

Robert Browning dies; Venice, 1899.

13

Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II dies; Castel Fiorentino, 1250.

Donatello dies; Florence, 1466.

Samuel Johnson dies; London, 1784.

Andrew Pickens, Jr.'s birth; Edgefield County, 1779.

William Gilmore Simms delivers his "The Social Principle: The True Source of National Permanence" oration to Erosophic Society of University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa, 1842.

Louis Amateis's birth; Turin, 1855.

Confederate President Jefferson Davis reviews Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's Army of Tennessee corps of three divisions; Murfreesboro, 1862.

General Robert Edward Lee commands Confederate victory at Fredericksburg; 1862.

Brigadier-General Thomas Reade Roote Cobb dies in battle; Fredericksburg, 1862.

Confederate President Jefferson Davis writes General Joseph Eggleston Johnston promotion of Nathan Bedford Forrest to Major-General; Richmond, 1863.

Alvin Cullum York's birth; Pall Mall, 1887.

Andrew Nelson Lytle dies; Monteagle, 1995.

State of Tennessee unveils monument to Sargeant Alvin Cullum York; State House, 1968.

14

Michel De Notredame's birth; Saint-Rémy, 1503.

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach dies, Hamburg, 1788.

President George Washington dies; Mount Vernon, 1799.

Marie-Adrien Persac's birth; Saumur, 1823. 

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk officiates historic marriage of Brigadier-General John Hunt Morgan to Martha Ready in presence of Generals Bragg, Hardee, Breckinridge & Cheatham; Murfreesboro, 1862. 

Wade Hampton III's inauguration as Governor of South Carolina begins Southern redemption from harsh Reconstruction; Columbia, 1876.

Red Shirt veterans parade in celebration of Semi-Centennial of Wade Hampton III's historic inauguration; Columbia, 1826.

15

United States Congress ratifies Bill of Rights; Washington, 1791.

Paul III convokes Council of Trent; 1545.

General Robert Augustus Toombs dies; Washington, 1885.

General Francis Marion Cockrell dies; 1913.

16

Jesse Mercer's birth; Halifax County, 1769.

Jane Austen's birth; Steventon, 1775.

Francis Hugh Wardlaw's birth; Abbeville, 1800.

Voortrekker Boer's  covenanting Vow to God earns them victory over attacking Zulus at Blood River; 1838.

Confederate President Jefferson Davis instructs General Joseph Eggleston Johnston to turn over immediate command of  Department of Southwest to Bishop-General Leonidas Polk & report to Dalton for commanding Army of Tennessee; Richmond, 1863. 

Ralph Adams Cram's birth; Hampton Falls, 1863.

George Santayana's birth; Madrid, 1863.

17

Ludwig van Beethoven's birth; Bonn, 1770.

Clement Comer Clay's birth; Halifax County, 1789.

Oliver Pollock dies; Pinckneyville, 1832.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk writes wife of "royal visit from royal visitor" Confederate President Jefferson Davis; Murfreesboro, 1862.


18

Charles Wesley's birth; Epworth, 1707.

John Taylor of Caroline dies; Caroline County, 1822.

Alabama's State Legislature creates Barbour County; Tuscaloosa, 1832.

Francis Thompson's birth; Preston, 1859.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk departs Morton for Brandon; 1863.

Governor & General Charles Clark dies; Doro, 1877.

General Charles Gustavus Ulrich Dahlgren dies; Brooklyn, 1888.

19

John Taylor of Caroline's birth; Caroline County, 1753.

Insider Higher Ed reports The University of the South's Vice-Chancellor John McCardell's statement of "the only sensible thing" regarding newly evolved rules for blessings in All Saints' Chapel; Washington, 2012.

20

South Carolina delegates in Convention repeal ratification of United States Constitution & resume full Sovereign status; Charleston, 1860.

Major-General Earl Van Dorn's Confederate cavalry successfully raids Federally occupied Holly Springs & destroys General Grant's supplies; 862.



21

Giovanni Boccaccio dies; Certaldo, 1375.

Archibald Campbell Tait's birth; Edinburgh, 1811.

Colonel William Henry Stiles dies; Savannah, 1865.

Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliott, Chancellor of the University of the South & former Presiding Bishop of the Confederacy, dies; Savannah, 1866.

Mississippi Bishop William Mercer Green's elevation to Chancellorship of The University of the South; Jackson, 1866.

Basil Manly dies; 1868.

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald dies; Hollywood, 1940.

Laura Riding dies; Wabasso, 1991.

22

Jean-Baptiste Racine's birth; La Ferté-Milon, 1639.

Henry Watterson dies; Jacksonville, 1921.

Matthew Arnold's birth; Laleham, 1822.

Charles Todd Quintard's birth; Stamford, 1824.

William Hyde Wollaston dies; London, 1828.

Governor Pierce Mason Butler dies; Mexico, 1846.

James Courtnay Bullock dies; 1861.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk receives command of Department of Southwest from General Joseph Eggleston Johnston; Brandon,1863.

George Eliot dies; London, 1880.


23

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk issues General Orders Number One to Department of Southwest "our cause is not less the cause of truth, of honor, and of God"; Meridian, 1863.


24

Jean van Riebeek departs Texel for Cape of Good Hope; 1651.

John Randolph Tucker's birth; Winchester, 1823.

Claude-Frédéric Bastiat dies; Rome, 1850.

William Makepeace Thackery dies; London, 1863.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk commands Major-General Stephen D. Lee's ride into West Tennessee with Brigadier-General Chalmers & Ferguson's Confederate cavalry; Brandon, 1863.

Assassian murders Reverend Archibald Everhart, SIR ABDIEL (fictional character in THE LAST CHRISTIAN IN ALABAMA), at Polk Springs in Abbo's Alley; Sewanee, 1899.

25

Jesus Christ's nativity celebration on Christmas Day; Bethlehem, Year 0.

Milledge Luke Bonham's birth; Red Bank, 1813.

Preston Smith's birth; Giles County,1823.

26

Frederick II's birth; Jesi, 1194.

William Nelson Pendleton's birth; Richmond, 1809.

Georgia Bishop Stephen Elliot's burial in Laurel Grove Cemetery; Savanah, 1866.

Andrew Nelson Lytle's birth; Murfreesboro, 1902.

27

Johannes Kepler's birth; Weil der Stadt, 1571.

George Whitefield's birth; Gloucestershire, 1714.

Margaret Isabella Walker's birth; Old Mallett Home, 1824.

General Joseph Eggleston Johnston assumes command of Confederate Army of Tennessee; Dalton, 1863.

28

Saint Archbishop Thomas À Becket dies by swords in Canterbury Cathedral; Kent, 1170.

Queen Mary II dies; London, 1694.

Emmerich de Vattel dies; Neuchâtel, 1767.

Baron of Rothley Thomas Babington Macaulay dies; Campden Hill, 1859.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's corps forms Left Wing of Confederate Army of Tennessee; Murfreesboro, 1862.

Bishop-General Leonidas Polk confirms arms & supplies placed at Demopolis for Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest; Enterprise, 1863.

Victor Emannuel III dies; Alexandria, 1947.

30

Titus Vespasianus Augustus's birth; 39.

James Cantey's birth; Camden, 1818.

Joseph Rudyard Kipling's birth; Bombay, 1865.

General William Wing Loring dies; 1886.


31

John Wycliffe dies; Lutterworth, 1384.

Mary Jane Peters's birth; 1830.

General Joseph Wheeler's Confederate cavalry rejoins Bishop-General Leonidas Polk's corps's left flank after riding around Yankee General Rosecrans's entire Federal Army & devastating supply trains; Murfreesboro, 1862.

George Catlett Marshall's birth; Uniontown, 1880.

Florida Bishop Frank Alexander Juhan dies; Sewanee, 1967.

Lyle Lanier dies; 1988.

Awakened & resurrected grace-filled proudest moment outpouring of Holy Spirit leads founding era of Leonidas Polk Memorial Society's Sewanee Chapter to conclusion; Pine Mountain, 2008.







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